Lecture 7

Question 1

What are the 4 major classes of nutrients

Answer 1

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

Question 2

What are the 3 other classes of nutrients

Answer 2

Vitamins
minerals
water

Question 3

Essentially all dietary carbohydrates come from what

Answer 3

Plants

Question 4

what is the major body fuel

Answer 4

Glucose

Question 5

how are galactose and fructose converted to glucose

Answer 5

Isomerization

Question 6

Neurons and RBCs rely almost 100% on what

Answer 6

glucose, other cells can use fats

Question 7

how many grams of carbs are required daily

Answer 7

100 minimum

Question 8

what percent of total calories should be carbs

Answer 8

45-65%

Question 9

What are the most dietary lipids

Answer 9

Triglycerides

Question 10

Where do you find saturated fats

Answer 10

meat, dairy, cocunut

Question 11

Where do you find unsaturated fats

Answer 11

Seeds, nuts, vegetable oils

Question 12

What are the other 2 dietary lipids

Answer 12

cholesterol
phospholipids

Question 13

what are the two fatty acids that the liver cannot synthesize

Answer 13

linoleic and linolenic acids

Question 14

Is cholesterol used for energy

Answer 14

no

Question 15

What type of unsaturated fats do not exist naturally

Answer 15

Trans

Question 16

Why are linoleic and linolenic acids “essential”

Answer 16

because we need to ingest it, we can synthesize it

Question 17

what are phospholipids essential for

Answer 17

myelin sheaths
plasma membranes

Question 18

what are the major fuel of hepatocytes and skeletal muscle

Answer 18

triglycerides

Question 19

What percent of caloric intake should lipids represent

Answer 19

under 30

Question 20

what percent of total fat should be saturated fats

Answer 20

under 10

Question 21

How many mg of cholesterol is recommended per day

Answer 21

under 300

Question 22

name a few complete proteins

Answer 22

meat, eggs, milk and fish

Question 23

How many essential amino acids are there

Answer 23

10/8

Question 24

What are the three uses of proteins in the body

Answer 24

structural
functional
energy

Question 25

what class of nutrients is necessary for keratin, collagen and elastin

Answer 25

Proteins

Question 26

what is the nitrogen balance

Answer 26

reflection of how much protein there is in your body

Question 27

What is the recommended g per kg for proteins

Answer 27

0.8g/kg body weight

Question 28

riboflavin and niacin are essential coenzymes for what

Answer 28

Metabolism of glucose

Question 29

are riboflavin and niacin fat or water soluble?

Answer 29

Water, theyre B3 and B2

Question 30

What vitamin can be converted by the body from B-carotene

Answer 30

vitamin A

Question 31

What 3 vitamins are antioxidants

Answer 31

A,C,E

Question 32

Can water soluble vitamins be stored in the body

Answer 32

no

Question 33

Can fat soluble vitamins be stored in the body

Answer 33

yes (except K)

Question 34

minerals compose what percent of body mass

Answer 34

4%

Question 35

what two minerals make up most of the mass

Answer 35

calcium and phosphorus

Question 36

What is glucose activation

Answer 36

adding two phosphate groups to make it fructose 1,6-biphosphate

Question 36

Why do we activate glucose

Answer 36

to trap it in the cells and create a glucose gradient

Question 37

What net ATP is made in glycolysis

Answer 37

2

Question 38

What is made in glycolysis

Answer 38

4 ATP (2net), 2 pyruvic acid, 2 NADH +H