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ANP 1107 > Lecture 19 > Flashcards

Lecture 19 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the starting point in spermatogenesis

A

Spermatogonium

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2
Q

Name the 4 steps of spermatogenesis

A

Spermatogonium
Primary spermatocyte
Secondary spermatocyte
Spermatid

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3
Q

With each mitotic division of spermatic stem cells, what do each daughter cells become

A

One stays a stem cell to maintain the population

The other becomes a primary spermatocyte and will enter meiosis

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4
Q

What is the starting point of meiotic division

A

primary spermatocyte

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5
Q

What does the first round of meiosis yield

A

2 secondary spermatocytes

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6
Q

what chromosomes/chromatids associated with secondary spermatocytes

A

23 Chromosomes, 46 chromatids

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7
Q

What do secondary spermatocytes divide into

A

Spermatid

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8
Q

What has 22 autosomal chromosomes plus one X or Y chromosome

A

Spermatids

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9
Q

What daughter cell stays to become a stem cell

A

Type A

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10
Q

What daughter cell goes into meiosis

A

Type B

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11
Q

What are spermatozoan

A

More well formed sperm, have the head tail, etc

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12
Q

What is spermiogenesis

A

Going from spermatid to spermatozoan

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13
Q

What two processes are necessary in spermiogenesis

A

Reorganization of nucleus and cytoplasm

Development of flagellum

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14
Q

Spermatids and spermatocytes at various stages are embedded in what cells

A

Sertoli

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15
Q

Where do sertoli cells sit

A

On basement membrane

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16
Q

What two compartments do tight junctions create

A

Basal compartment
Adluminal compartment

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17
Q

All stages after initiation of meiosis occur in what type of environment

A

Avascular

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18
Q

What creates the avascular environment

A

Tight junctions create a blood-testes barrier

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19
Q

Name 5 things sertoli cells do

A

Nourish developing spermatozoa
Secrete fluid into seminiferous tubule lumen
Digest cytoplasm discarded by spermatozoa
bind FSH and testosterone
Produce inhibin

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20
Q

Where are the leydig cells

A

Between the seminiferous tubules

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21
Q

Why is it important for Leydig cells to be vascularized

A

Because they secrete testosterone and it can get into the blood stream

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22
Q

How long does sperm spend in the epididymis

A

20 days

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23
Q

What are PGs

A

Prostaglandins

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24
Q

What is the internal genitalia of the female reproductive system

A

Ovaries

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25
Q

What are the femal accessory ducts

A

Uterine tubes
Uterus
Vagina

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26
Q

What is the external female genitalia

A

Vulva

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27
Q

What are the ovaries anchored by

A

Ligaments

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28
Q

What is the source of GnRH

A

Hypothalamus

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29
Q

What is the role of GnRH

A

Makes anterior pituitary release FSH and LH

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30
Q

What is the source of FSH

A

Anterior pituitary

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31
Q

What is the source of LH

A

Anterior pituitary

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32
Q

What is the role of FSH

A

indirectly stimulates spermatogenesis by making sustenocytes release ABP which keeps local testosterone levels high

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33
Q

What is the role of LH

A

stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone

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34
Q

what is the source of testosterone

A

Leydig cells

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35
Q

what is the role of testosterone

A

stimulate maturation of sex organs, maintenance of secondary sex characteristics, libido

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36
Q

what is the souce of inhibin

A

Sertoli cells

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37
Q

What is the role of inhibin

A

Decrease FSH release from anterior pituitary

38
Q

What is the external surface of the ovary covered by

A

tunica albuginea

39
Q

tunica albuginea covers what

A

external surface of the ovary

40
Q

what is the final outer covering of the ovary

A

germinal epithelium

41
Q

what is the germinal epithelium

A

final outer covering of the ovary

42
Q

What would you find in the ovarian cortex

A

follicles
oocytes
granulosa cells
theca cells

43
Q

What is the corpus luteum formed from

A

ovulated follicles every moth

44
Q

what recieves the egg/provides site for fertilization

A

oviducts (fallopian tubes, uterine tubs)

45
Q

what is the isthmus

A

a narrowing of the uterine cavity

46
Q

What are fimbriae

A

finger-like projections on the ends of your fallopian tubes closest to your ovaries

47
Q

What is the role of fimbriae

A

catch the egg that one of your ovaries releases during ovulation

48
Q

what is the major channel of your fallopian tube

49
Q

what is the ampulla

A

major channel of your fallopian tube

50
Q

What is the beginning of the uterine tube

A

infundibulum

51
Q

what is the infundibulum

A

beginning of the uterine tube

52
Q

What is the external covering of the oviducts

A

visceral periotneum

53
Q

What is the visceral periotneum of the uterine tubes supported by

A

mesosalpinx

54
Q

in nulliparous women, what is the shaoe of the uterus

A

inverted pear

55
Q

what is the word for a woman who hasnt given birth to a child

A

nulliparous

56
Q

What is the internal os

A

uterus to cervis

57
Q

what is the external os

A

cervix to vagina

58
Q

what is the function of the cervical glands

A

release mucus to fill cervical canal and cover external os

59
Q

What is the purpose of the mucus covering external os

A

prevents infection

60
Q

when is the mucus less viscous

A

at midcycle

61
Q

what is the fundus of your uterus

A

The uppermost and widest part of your uterus

62
Q

What is The uppermost and widest part of your uterus

A

the fundus

63
Q

What is the body of the uterus

A

The main part of the uterus; includes uterine cavity

64
Q

Whats the name for the main part of the uterus

65
Q

Where does the mesometrium ligament support

A

The uterus laterally

66
Q

where do the cardinal ligaments support

A

from cervix/upper vagina to lateral walls of pelvis

67
Q

what supports from cervix/upper vagina to lateral walls of pelvis

A

cardinal ligaments

68
Q

What supports the uterus laterally

A

mesometrium

69
Q

where do uterosacral ligaments support

A

to sacrum posteriorly

70
Q

what supports the uterus to sacrum

A

uterosacral ligaments

71
Q

what do round ligaments support

A

uterus to anterior body wall

72
Q

what supports the uterus to anterior body wall

A

round ligaments

73
Q

What are the 3 layers of the uterine wall

A

perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium

74
Q

What are the two components of the endometrium

A

stratum functionalis
stratum basalis

75
Q

what is the perimetrium

A

visceral peritoneum

76
Q

what is the myometrium

A

middle - interlacing bundles of smooth muscles

77
Q

what is the endometrium

A

simple columnar epithelium and thick lamina propria

78
Q

Name the order of vascular supply

A

uterine arteries
arcuate arteries
radial arteries
straight (basalis)/spiral (functionalis)

79
Q

what kind of arteries would you find in the stratum basalis

80
Q

What kind of arteries would you find in the stratum functionalis

81
Q

what are the three layers of the vagina

A

adventitia
musclularis
mucosa

82
Q

what is the hymen

A

incomplete vascular partition of mucosa near vaginal orifice

83
Q

Erection is under what control

A

parasympathetic

84
Q

Ejaculation is under what control

A

sympathetic

85
Q

what are myoid cells

A

smooth muscle cells that surround each seminiferous tubules

86
Q

where is the compacted DNA in a sperm

87
Q

what part of the sperm contains enzymes to help penetrate an egg

88
Q

what part of the sperm contains mitochondria

89
Q

what compartment of the seminiferous tubule contains spermatogonia and primary spermatiocytes

A

basal compartment

90
Q

what compartment of the seminiferous tubule contains the meiotically active cells

ANP 1107 (21 decks)

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