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ANP 1107 > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most predominant cell type in the small intestine

A

Absorptive cells

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2
Q

What cells secrete bicarbonate

A

Duodenal glands

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3
Q

What do duodenal glands secrete

A

Bicarbonate

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4
Q

What is the largest gland in the body

A

Liver

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5
Q

What are hepatocytes

A

Liver cells

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6
Q

What’s the name of liver cells

A

Hepatocytes

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7
Q

What secretes intestinal juice

A

Crypts of Lieberkühn

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8
Q

What do the crypts of lieberkuhn secrete

A

Intestinal juice

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9
Q

What cells are found in intestinal crypts

A

Paneth cells

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10
Q

What do paneth cells secrete

A

Lysozome

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11
Q

What cells secrete lysozyme in the SI

A

Paneth cells

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12
Q

How many lobes of the liver are there?

A

4

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13
Q

What are the four lobes of the liver

A

Right
Left
Caudate
Quadrate

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14
Q

What is the falciform ligament

A

A liver mesentery

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15
Q

What’s the name of the liver mesentary in between the left and right lobes

A

Falciform ligament

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16
Q

What are the functional units of the liver composed of

A

Hexagonal lobules

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17
Q

What is in the center of each hexagonal lobule in the liver

A

A central vein

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18
Q

What are the cells inside liver lobules radiating from the central vein

A

Hepatocytes

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19
Q

What is at each of the 6 corners of the hepatic lobule

A

A portal triad

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20
Q

What does the portal triad consist of

A

A portal arteriole
A portal venule
A bile duct

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21
Q

In the liver, what does the bile drain via

A

Cannuculi

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22
Q

Does the flow of bile go with or opposite to blood flow

A

Opposite

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23
Q

What cells produce bile

A

Hepatocytes

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24
Q

Hepatocytes produce what

A

Bile

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25
Q

What is the common hepatic duct

A

Multiple bile ducts that fuse together to form this

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26
Q

What drains the gallbladder

A

The cystic duct

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27
Q

What does the common hepatic duct fuse with

A

The cystic duct

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28
Q

What two ducts join together at the hepatopancreatic ampulla

A

The bile duct
The main pancreatic duct

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29
Q

What stores bile

A

The gallbladder

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30
Q

What is the main function of bile salts and phospholipids

A

To emulsify fats

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31
Q

What are gallstones

A

Cholesterol stones when you dont have enough salts, phospholipids or water

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32
Q

What does the pancreas produce

A

Pancreatic juice

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33
Q

What organ is “tadpole” shaped

A

The pancreas

34
Q

What do acinar cells secrete

A

Enzymes

35
Q

Where do you find acinar cells

A

Pancreas

36
Q

What joins the pancreatic duct at the hepatopancreatic ampulla

A

The bile duct

37
Q

What are the two main ducts in the pancreas

A

Accessory pancreatic duct
Pancreatic duct

38
Q

What 3 main ducts empties into the duodenum

A

Pancreatic duct
Bile duct
Accessory pancreatic duct

39
Q

Where would you find zymogen granules

A

In pancreatic acinar cells

40
Q

What are packaged in zymogen granules

A

Enzymes

41
Q

Why are enzymes packaged in zymogen granules

A

To be prepacked and easy to secrete

42
Q

What organelle is there in abundance in acinar cells

A

Rough ER

43
Q

Why have so much RER in acinar cells

A

To produce lots of proteins

44
Q

What pancreatic cells secrete insulin and glucagon

A

Pancreatic islets

45
Q

What do pancreatic islets secrete

A

Insulin and glucagon

46
Q

What is the main function of the large intestine

A

Absorb water from indigestible food residues

47
Q

What are the 3 big distinguising features of the LI

A

Teniae coli
Haustra
Epiploic appendages

48
Q

What are the haustra

A

Pocket like bulges of the large intestine (all those bumps)

49
Q

What is the name for the 3 bands of smooth muscle in the LI

A

Teniae coli

50
Q

What are teniae coli

A

3 bands of smooth muscle in the LI

51
Q

Where do you find teniae coli

A

Large intestine

52
Q

What are the epiploic appendages

A

fat filled pouches of visceral periotneum

53
Q

What are the little fatty pouches of viceral periotenum hanging off the LI

A

Epiploic appendages

54
Q

Where do you find the Iliosecal valve

A

Between the small intestine and large intestine

55
Q

What little structure of the LI has masses of lymphoid tissue

A

Appendix

56
Q

The colon is mostly ______ except for what two regions?

A

Retroperitonel
Transverse and sigmoid regions

57
Q

What are haemorrhoids

A

Inflamed venous plexuses
(they prolapse into anal canal)

58
Q

What are the 6 digestive processes

A

Ingestion
Propulsion
Mechanical breakdown
Chemical digestion
Absorption
Defecation

59
Q

What is catabolism

A

Breaking down complex molecules into smaller molecules

60
Q

What enzymes are incredibly important for absorption

A

Brush border enzymes

61
Q

What do brush border enzymes do

A

They’re relied on for catabolic steps in absorption

62
Q

Where are brush border enzymes found

A

On microvilliof the small intestine

63
Q

What enzyme in your mouth begins chemical digestion

A

Salivary amylase

64
Q

What receptor signals stretch of organ wall

A

Mechanoreceptor

65
Q

What receptor signals osmolarity and pH

A

Osmoreceptor

66
Q

What receptor signals substrates and end products

A

Chemoreceptor

67
Q

What are short reflexes mediated by in response to GI tract stimuli

A

Local enteric plexuses

68
Q

What do long reflexes involve

A

CNS centers and extrinsic autonomic nerves

69
Q

What is a short reflex

A

One that occurs entirely within the GI wall

70
Q

Generally within the enteric NS, what excites the smooth muscle

A

Nerves secreting Acetylcholine or substance P

71
Q

Generally within the enteric NS, what is smooth muscles inhibited by?

A

Nerves secreting vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) or nitric oxide

72
Q

What is the pH of saliva

A

6.75-7

73
Q

Saliva is hypo or hyper osmotic

A

Hypo (97-99.5% water)

74
Q

What do buccal glands secrete

A

Lingual lipase

75
Q

How much saliva do we output a day

A

1000-1500 ml

76
Q

What is the role of buccal glands

A

They’re salivary glands that keep hte mouth moist

77
Q

what two nerves are stimulated from the salivatory nuclei to increase salivary secretions

A

Facial
Glossopharyngeal

78
Q

What is in the brain stem that increases parasympathetic activity via facial and glossopharyngeal nerves

A

Salivatory nuclei

79
Q

Sympathetic stimulation causes ________ in mucuous secretion

A

Increase

80
Q

Strong sympathetic stimulation ______ salivation

A

Decreases/inhibits

ANP 1107 (21 decks)

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