Lecture 12 Flashcards
What are the 3 key players in adaptive immunity
B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
Macrophages
What cells are associtaed with humoral immunity
B lymphocytes
What cells are associated with cell mediated immunity
T lymphocytes
What kind of leukocytes are the antigen presenting cells
Macrophages (monocytes)
B cells and T cells are what kind of leukocyte
Lymphocytes
Where do lymphocytes originate
Red blood marrow
Where do T cells mature
Thymus
Where do B cells mature
Bone marrow
Where do lymphocytes go once matured
Lymphoid organs
Circulation
What is positive selection
T cells need to pass the test on recognizing major histocompatibility complex
What is the name for the group of markers marking all nucleated cells as self
Major histocompatibility complex
Do T cells need to able to recognize the antigen during positive selection
Nope
What happens to T cells who cant recognize self MHC
Apoptosis
What occurs during negative selection
T cells must not recognize self antigens
What could happen if T cells recognize self antigens
Could cause autoimmune diseases
B cells cause what kind of immunity
Humoral
How long do plasma cells last
4-5 days
What is the effector B cell
plasma cells
What do plasma cells secrete
Antibodies
What are the two kinds of B cells
Plasma (effector)
Memory cells
How long do memory B cells last
Years
why do plasma cells have lots of RER
to make lots of antibodies
What is the first immunoglobulin secreted during primary response
IgM
What immunoglobulin activates completement
IgM and IgG
What is the secretory immunoglobulin
IgA
What immunoglobulin is the dimer
IgA
What immunoglobulin is the pentamer
IgM
What immunoglobulin is found in body secretions
IgA
What immunoglobulin stops pathogens from attaching to epithelial cells
IgA
What immunoglobulin functions as a B cell antigen receptor
IgD
What is the most abundant immunoglobulin in the plasma
IgG
What is the main antibody of secondary and late primary responses
IgG
What immunoglobulin binds to mast cells or basophils
IgE
What immunoglobulin is involved in allergic reactions
IgE
What antibody crosses the placenta
IgG
What antibody is passed to a baby through milk
IgA
What is the only kind of immunity able to establish immunological memory
Active
What are the two ways to aquire Active and passive humoral immunity
Active:
naturally: infection
artificially: vaccine
Passive:
Naturally: antibodies passed through milk/placenta
Artificially: injection of antibodies
Do antibodies kill cells
No, they just tag them
What are the 3 main types of T cells
CD8
CD4
Regulatory
What t cells are the killer t cells
Cytotoxic t cells
CD8
What type of t cells are cytotoxic
CD8
What are the helper T cells
CD4
What type of t cells are CD4
Helper
CD8 t cells are what kind
cytotoxic
What do regulatory t cells do
winddown immune response
What type of t cells stop immune responses
Mainly regulatory, some CD4
What class of MHC molecules are recognized by CD8 t cells
I
What calls of MCH molecules are only recognized CD4 T cells
II
What type of cells have class II MHC
APCs
Where are monocytes formed
bone marrow
what is the major role of monocytes
engulf foreign particles and present fragments of their antigens on their surface to be recognized by T cells
What do monocytes secrete
soluble proteins that activate T cells
What do CD8 t cells release from its granules once binded to a target cell
perforin
granzyme
What is the role of perforin and granzyme in CMI
perforin form holes in target cells
granzymes enter the cell, and trigger apoptosis
