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ANP 1107 > Lecture 15 > Flashcards

Lecture 15 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the full name for ADH

A

anti-diuretic hormone

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2
Q

Filtrate at the top of ascending limb is _____

A

dilute

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3
Q

Why is the filtrate at the top of the ascending limb dilute

A

due to salt removal

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4
Q

What type of urine is produced in the abscence of ADH

A

very dilute urine

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5
Q

What is the function of adh

A

to make the body retain water

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6
Q

what happens to the collecting ducts in the absence of ADH

A

they become impermeable to water

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7
Q

Where is ADH released from

A

Posterior pituitary

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8
Q

Where does ADH act upon

A

Collecting ducts

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9
Q

What does adh do to principal cells

A

Increases number of water channels in these cells

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10
Q

Urea contributes to the _____ gradient

A

Osmotic

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11
Q

How does urea help in the interstitial space

A

It allows for a higher osmolarity, to draw water out of the nephron loop

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12
Q

What is a diuretic

A

Something that enhances urinary output

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13
Q

How does alcohol affect urine formation

A

It inhibits release of ADH - you wont be able to concentrate your urine

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14
Q

What is the formula for renal clearance

A

RC=UV/P

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15
Q

Describe clearance

A

Volume of blood cleaned of a substance/min

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16
Q

When would clearance be equal to GFR

A

Freely filtered
Not secreted or reabsorbed

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17
Q

What does the U stand for in RC

A

concentration of substance in urine (mg/mL)

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18
Q

What does the V stand for in RC

A

flow rate of urine formation (mL/min)

19
Q

What does the P stand for in RC

A

The concentration of substance in the blood plasma (mg/mL)

20
Q

What polysaccharide is used as a standard for RC

A

inulin

21
Q

What is inulin

A

A polysaccharide used for RC standard

22
Q

What if RC (substance) < RC (inulin)? eg: urea: RC = 70 ml/min

A

You arent removing all the urea from the 125mL of plasma, you’re reabsorbing some

23
Q

What if RC (substance) = 0?

A

You’re reabsorbing all of the substance

24
Q

What if RC (substance) > RC (inulin)? eg: creatinine: RC = 140 ml/min

A

We’re secreting extra of the substance

25
Q

Deepness of urine colour indicates what?

A

How much water is in your urine

26
Q

What can cloudy urine be a sign of

A

UTI - bacteria present

27
Q

What does your pee look like when you have a UTI

A

Cloudy

28
Q

What pigment is responsible for the colour of urine

A

Urochrome

29
Q

What is urochrome

A

The pigment responsible for urine colour

30
Q

Where does urochrome come from

A

Heme degradation

31
Q

What odour will urine develop if left to stand too long

A

Ammonia

32
Q

Why would urine develop an ammonia odor if left to stand too long

A

Due to bacterial metabolism of urea

33
Q

What is the typical pH of urine (provide the range)

A

6, range is 4.5-8

34
Q

When will you have acidic urine

A

Diet rich in proteins and whole wheat

35
Q

When will you get alkaline urine

A

Diet rich in veggies

36
Q

Diet rich in veggies cause what

A

alkaline urine

37
Q

Diet rich in proteins and whole wheat causes what

A

acidic urine

38
Q

What is the specific gravity of urine

A

1.001-1.035

39
Q

What is specific gravity

A

referring to the solute concentration

40
Q

What does specific gravity depend on

A

It depends on how dilute/concentrated it is (lower number=more concentrated)

41
Q

What is the solute in highest concentration in urine

A

Urea

42
Q

Uric acid as a waste product comes from

A

Nucleic acid metabolism

43
Q

Where does creatinine as a waste product come from

A

Skeletal muscle

44
Q

What is the ratio of water to solutes in urine

A

95% water
5% solutes

ANP 1107 (21 decks)

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