Lecture 13 Flashcards
What kidney is lower and why
Right kidney
due to liver location
What kind of organ is the kidney
Retroperitoneal
Where do you find the kidneys
superior lumbar region
What verterbra are the kidneys between
12th thoracic
3rd lumbar
What glands sit on top of the kidneys
adrenal
What do adrenal glands produce
steroid hormones
What is the renal hilum
the little indentation you see on the outside (gives it the bean shape)
What is the little indentation you see on the outside (gives it the bean shape) in the kidney
Renal hilum
What is he renal sinus
A large cavity inside the kidney
What are the three layers to the kidney
renal capsule
perirenal fat capsule
renal fascia
What layer of the kidney is sturdy against microorganisms
renal capsule
What is the innermost layer of the kidney
renal capsule
What layer of the kidney is associated with cushioning, and holding the kidneys in place
Perirenal fat capsule
What part of the kidney helps prevent kinks in the ureter
perirenal fat capsule
What is renal ptosis
One or both kidneys have dropped lower
What layer of the kidney has an anchoring role
renal fascia
What layer of the kidney is the outermost
renal fascia
What layer of the kidney is dense CT surrounding adrenal gland and kidney
renal fascia
Where does the initial filtration of the blood occur
The cortex
The cortex filters out everything except for
cells and plasma proteins
What are the medullary/renal pyramids
medulla; darker regions
What are the medullary pyramids seperated by
renal columns
What are the renal columns composed of
Cortical tissue
What is the pelvis continuous with
the ureter
What are minor calices
Little tubes that collect from the collecting ducts and lead to major calices
What are major calices
Big tubes that lead to the pelvis, minor calices connect into these
What is pyelonephritis
Infection of the kidnesy
What sex is more susceptible to kidney infections
Females - shorter ureter
what artery does the kidney have that doesn’t exist as a vein
Segmental
What are the 4 nephron associated BV
Afferent arteriole
Glomerulus
Efferent arteriole
Peritubular capillaries/vasa recta
what percentage of systemic CO goes to kidneys per min
25%
What is the nerve supply to the kidney provided by
renal plexus
What NS controls the kidney
Sympathetic
Where does all the filtration occur
The glomerulus
Describe the pathway through the nephron
Afferent arteriole
Glomerulus
Proximal convoluted tube
Loop of henle
Distal convoluted tube
Collecting duct
What is the Bowman’s capsule
membranous structure surrounding the glomerulus
What comprises the renal corpuscle
Bowmans capsule
Glomerulus
What kind of capillaries are in the kidneys
fenestrated
What cells make up bowmans capsule
Podocytes
What cells wrap around individual capillaries of the glomerulus
podocytes
What is the name for the spots between the podocytes
Filtration slits
What does fluid pass through into the lumen of bowman’s capsule
Filtration slits between podocytes
Where does fluid in bowmans capsule flow to
Proximal convoluted tube
What are pedicels
Long foot processes off the podocytes to create filtration slits
What two cells are present in the collecting duct
Principal cells
Intercalated cells
Where would you find Principal cells
Intercalated cells
The collecting duct
Do principal cells have microvilli
nope
Do intercalated cells have microvilli
Yup
What is the function of principal cells in the collecting duct
salt and water balance
What is the function of intercalated cells in the collecting duct
acid-base balance
What collecting duct cell works on salt and water balance
principal cells
What collecting duct cell works on the acid-base balance
Intercalated cells
What are the two types of nephrons we have (and percentages)
cortical 85%
juxtamedullary 15%
When does filtration become regulated in the nephron
Distal convoluted tube
Where in the nephron is filtration automatic
proximal convoluted tube and nephron
How do the proximal and distal convoluted tubes differ
The proximal tube filters everything, while the distal filters/adds based on the bodys needs
Does the afferent or efferent arteriole have a larger diameter? why
afferent
allows for higher BP in capillary for forced filtration
What is the name for the second capillary bed wrapped around the nephron
peritubular capillaries
What is the vasa recta
Organized ladders of capillaries in the juxtamedullary nephrons
Where would you find the juxtaglomerular complex
right beside the glomerulus
What cells are primarily in the afferent arteriole wall
granular cells
What cells secrete renin - are enlarged smooth muscle cells
Granular cells
What cells compose the tubule walls
macula densa cells
What cells monitor filtrate
macula densa cells
What is the entry point of the ureter to the bladder
The floor
What is the opening of ureters or urine to come in bladder
ureteric orifices
What is the trigone of the bladder
connects the two entry points to the exit point
What connects the two entry points to the exit point
The bladder trigone
Why is the bladder trigone clinically important
Where most infections occur
What is the opening of ureters for urine to come in
ureter orifices
What type of muscle is in the internal urethral sphincter
Smooth
What type of muscle is in the external ureter sphincter
Skeletal
Where does the external uretal sphincter lie
the urogenital diaphragm
What is rugae
Folds that allow the bladder to stretch out
Name of the folds that allow the bladder to stretch out
Rugae
What is the name of the fluid that travels through the nephron
Filtrate
What is the final product of the kidney filtraton
urine
What are the 3 major renal processes
Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion
What is the name for the plasma minus proteins
Filtrate
What is the name for the filtrate minus nutrients
Urine
How much fluid do the kidneys process a day
180 L
