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ANP 1107 > Lecture 13 > Flashcards

Lecture 13 Flashcards

1
Q

What kidney is lower and why

A

Right kidney
due to liver location

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2
Q

What kind of organ is the kidney

A

Retroperitoneal

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3
Q

Where do you find the kidneys

A

superior lumbar region

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4
Q

What verterbra are the kidneys between

A

12th thoracic
3rd lumbar

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5
Q

What glands sit on top of the kidneys

A

adrenal

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6
Q

What do adrenal glands produce

A

steroid hormones

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7
Q

What is the renal hilum

A

the little indentation you see on the outside (gives it the bean shape)

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8
Q

What is the little indentation you see on the outside (gives it the bean shape) in the kidney

A

Renal hilum

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9
Q

What is he renal sinus

A

A large cavity inside the kidney

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10
Q

What are the three layers to the kidney

A

renal capsule
perirenal fat capsule
renal fascia

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11
Q

What layer of the kidney is sturdy against microorganisms

A

renal capsule

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12
Q

What is the innermost layer of the kidney

A

renal capsule

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13
Q

What layer of the kidney is associated with cushioning, and holding the kidneys in place

A

Perirenal fat capsule

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14
Q

What part of the kidney helps prevent kinks in the ureter

A

perirenal fat capsule

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15
Q

What is renal ptosis

A

One or both kidneys have dropped lower

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16
Q

What layer of the kidney has an anchoring role

A

renal fascia

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17
Q

What layer of the kidney is the outermost

A

renal fascia

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18
Q

What layer of the kidney is dense CT surrounding adrenal gland and kidney

A

renal fascia

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19
Q

Where does the initial filtration of the blood occur

A

The cortex

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20
Q

The cortex filters out everything except for

A

cells and plasma proteins

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21
Q

What are the medullary/renal pyramids

A

medulla; darker regions

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22
Q

What are the medullary pyramids seperated by

A

renal columns

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23
Q

What are the renal columns composed of

A

Cortical tissue

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24
Q

What is the pelvis continuous with

A

the ureter

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25
Q

What are minor calices

A

Little tubes that collect from the collecting ducts and lead to major calices

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26
Q

What are major calices

A

Big tubes that lead to the pelvis, minor calices connect into these

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27
Q

What is pyelonephritis

A

Infection of the kidnesy

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28
Q

What sex is more susceptible to kidney infections

A

Females - shorter ureter

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29
Q

what artery does the kidney have that doesn’t exist as a vein

A

Segmental

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30
Q

What are the 4 nephron associated BV

A

Afferent arteriole
Glomerulus
Efferent arteriole
Peritubular capillaries/vasa recta

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31
Q

what percentage of systemic CO goes to kidneys per min

A

25%

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32
Q

What is the nerve supply to the kidney provided by

A

renal plexus

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33
Q

What NS controls the kidney

A

Sympathetic

34
Q

Where does all the filtration occur

A

The glomerulus

35
Q

Describe the pathway through the nephron

A

Afferent arteriole
Glomerulus
Proximal convoluted tube
Loop of henle
Distal convoluted tube
Collecting duct

36
Q

What is the Bowman’s capsule

A

membranous structure surrounding the glomerulus

37
Q

What comprises the renal corpuscle

A

Bowmans capsule
Glomerulus

38
Q

What kind of capillaries are in the kidneys

A

fenestrated

39
Q

What cells make up bowmans capsule

A

Podocytes

40
Q

What cells wrap around individual capillaries of the glomerulus

A

podocytes

41
Q

What is the name for the spots between the podocytes

A

Filtration slits

42
Q

What does fluid pass through into the lumen of bowman’s capsule

A

Filtration slits between podocytes

43
Q

Where does fluid in bowmans capsule flow to

A

Proximal convoluted tube

44
Q

What are pedicels

A

Long foot processes off the podocytes to create filtration slits

45
Q

What two cells are present in the collecting duct

A

Principal cells
Intercalated cells

46
Q

Where would you find Principal cells
Intercalated cells

A

The collecting duct

47
Q

Do principal cells have microvilli

A

nope

48
Q

Do intercalated cells have microvilli

A

Yup

49
Q

What is the function of principal cells in the collecting duct

A

salt and water balance

50
Q

What is the function of intercalated cells in the collecting duct

A

acid-base balance

51
Q

What collecting duct cell works on salt and water balance

A

principal cells

52
Q

What collecting duct cell works on the acid-base balance

A

Intercalated cells

53
Q

What are the two types of nephrons we have (and percentages)

A

cortical 85%
juxtamedullary 15%

54
Q

When does filtration become regulated in the nephron

A

Distal convoluted tube

55
Q

Where in the nephron is filtration automatic

A

proximal convoluted tube and nephron

56
Q

How do the proximal and distal convoluted tubes differ

A

The proximal tube filters everything, while the distal filters/adds based on the bodys needs

57
Q

Does the afferent or efferent arteriole have a larger diameter? why

A

afferent
allows for higher BP in capillary for forced filtration

58
Q

What is the name for the second capillary bed wrapped around the nephron

A

peritubular capillaries

59
Q

What is the vasa recta

A

Organized ladders of capillaries in the juxtamedullary nephrons

60
Q

Where would you find the juxtaglomerular complex

A

right beside the glomerulus

61
Q

What cells are primarily in the afferent arteriole wall

A

granular cells

62
Q

What cells secrete renin - are enlarged smooth muscle cells

A

Granular cells

63
Q

What cells compose the tubule walls

A

macula densa cells

64
Q

What cells monitor filtrate

A

macula densa cells

65
Q

What is the entry point of the ureter to the bladder

A

The floor

66
Q

What is the opening of ureters or urine to come in bladder

A

ureteric orifices

67
Q

What is the trigone of the bladder

A

connects the two entry points to the exit point

68
Q

What connects the two entry points to the exit point

A

The bladder trigone

69
Q

Why is the bladder trigone clinically important

A

Where most infections occur

70
Q

What is the opening of ureters for urine to come in

A

ureter orifices

71
Q

What type of muscle is in the internal urethral sphincter

A

Smooth

72
Q

What type of muscle is in the external ureter sphincter

A

Skeletal

73
Q

Where does the external uretal sphincter lie

A

the urogenital diaphragm

74
Q

What is rugae

A

Folds that allow the bladder to stretch out

75
Q

Name of the folds that allow the bladder to stretch out

A

Rugae

76
Q

What is the name of the fluid that travels through the nephron

A

Filtrate

77
Q

What is the final product of the kidney filtraton

A

urine

78
Q

What are the 3 major renal processes

A

Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion

79
Q

What is the name for the plasma minus proteins

A

Filtrate

80
Q

What is the name for the filtrate minus nutrients

A

Urine

81
Q

How much fluid do the kidneys process a day

A

180 L

82
Q
A

ANP 1107 (21 decks)

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