Digestive system Flashcards
what are the two main groups of digestive system organs
Alimentary canal
Accessory digestive organs
which of these is not a part of the alimentary canal:
mouth
intestine
pancreas
esophagus
Pancreas
What are the organs associated with the alimentary canal
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small/large intestine
what the name for the group of digestive organs thats a continuous long tube
Alimentary canal
What do the accessory digestive organs consist of
Teeth
Tongue
Gallbladder
Salivary glands
Liver
Pancreas
Describe the visceral peritoneum
Covers external surfaces of digestive organs
Describe the parietal peritoneum
Lines walls of abdominopelvic cavity
What is the name of the slitlike space between the visceral and parietal perionea
Peritoneal cavity
What is a mesentery
a structure suspending most digestive organs from the body wall
What is a retroperitoneal organ
An organ that loses its mesentery during development
What is the word for an organ that loses its mesentery during development
Retroperitoneal
Name two examples of retroperitoneal organs
Duodenum
Pancreas
What is peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneal cavity
How does peritonitis occur
Bacteria being introduced into the peritoneal cavity through a variety of way
Hepatic arteries serve what organ
Liver
Gastric arteries serve what organ
Stomach
Splenic arteries serve what organ
Spleen
Superior and inferior mesenteric arteries serve what organ(s)
Small and large intestine
How much of the CO do the hepatic, gastric, splenic and mesenteric arteries receive
about 1/4
Venous return from the digestive system is indirect via _______
the hepatic portal circulation
In the hepatic portal system, where does venous blood exit via
Hepatic veins
What are the 4 typical layers of the GI tract
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa
What are the three layers of the Mucosa
Surface epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae
What layer of mucosa has goblet cells
Surface epithelium
What kind of cells are present in the surface epithelium of the mucosa
Columnar
What layer of the mucosa has isolated lymph nodules
Lamina propria
What layer of the mucosa has loose connective tissue with capillaries
Lamina propria
What layer of mucosa has a thin layer of smooth muscle cells
Muscularis mucosae
What layer of the GI tract has moderately dense CT
submucosa
What layer of the GI tract’s main function is elasticity
Submucosa
What layer of GI tract has the main role of propulsion and mixing movements
Muscularis externa
What layer of the GI tract has 2 layers, one inner circular and one outer longitudinal
Muscularis externa
What layer of the GI tract forms sphincters
Muscularis externa
What is the function of sphincters
Help ensure unidirectional travel
Compartmentalizes the functional units of the digestive system
What layer of the GI tract can characterized by loose CT covered by a single layer of squamous epithelial cells
Serosa
What is the adventitia
The outer layer of some digestive organs to really keep said organ fixed in place
What two types of organs have adventitia
Retroperitoneal organs
Esophagus
What organ has NO serosa
Esophagus
What kind of organs have both adventitia and serosa
Retroperitoneal organs
What type of tissue does the adventitia consist of
Fibrous connective tissue
What two components is the mouth composed of
Vestibule
Oral cavity proper
orbicularis oris is a muscle where
lips
buccinators are muscles where
Cheeks
What palate is closer to the front of the mouth
Hard palate
What palate is closer to the back of the mouth
Soft
What type of palate has palatine bones and palatine processes
Hard palate
What closes the nasopharynx when we swallow
Soft palate
What are the two arches that join the soft palate to the tongue and oropharynx
palatoglossal
palatopharyngeal
what is the soft palate mostly composed of
Skeletal muscle
What is the function of the arches in your mouth
Keeps the palate in place
What are the two types of muscle in the tongue
Intrinsic skeletal muscles
Extrinsic skeletal muscles
What types of tongue muscles are not attached to bone, but just exist in 3 planes in the tongue
intrinsic skeletal muscles
What is the function of the intrinsic skeletal muscles
change the shape of the tongue
What type of skeletal muscles attach the tongue to bones
Extrinsic skeletal muscles
What is the function of the extrinsic skeletal muscles of the tongue
Move the position of the tongue in space
What attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth
Lingual frenulum
What are papillae
Projections on tongue
What are the four types of papillae on tongue
Filiform
Fungiform
Vallate
Foliate
What type of papillae contain keratin, are in rows at the tip of the tongue and DO NOT contain taste bus
Filiform
What type of papillae are mushroom shape and contain taste buds
Fungiform
What type of papillae are a mushroom shape and widely scattered on the tongue
Fungiform
What type of papillae make a V shaped row at the back of the tongue and contain taste buds
Vallate
