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ANP 1107 > Lecture 11 > Flashcards

Lecture 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the only formed elements that are complete cells

A

Leukocytes

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2
Q

Name all 5 leukocytes

A

Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils

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3
Q

What is leukocytosis

A

body’s response to bacterial or viral invasion

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4
Q

What is the name for the bodys response to bacterial or viral invasion

A

Leukocytosis

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5
Q

What are the two categories of leukocytes

A

Granulocytes
Agranulocytes

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6
Q

Name all the granulocytes

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

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7
Q

Name all the agranulocytes

A

Lymphocytes
Monocytes

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8
Q

What ending is associated with Granulocytes

A

Phil

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9
Q

What ending is associated with agranulocytes

A

Cyte

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10
Q

What is the acronym giving leukocytes in decreasing order of concentration in blood

A

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

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11
Q

What is the least concentrated leukocyte

A

Basophils

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12
Q

What is the most concentrated leukocyte

A

Neutrophils

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13
Q

What kind of leukocytes are spherical with lobed nuclei

A

Granulocytes (the phils)

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14
Q

What kind of leukocytes look like they have multiple nuclei but only have 1

A

Granulocytes

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15
Q

What leukocyte is over 50% of all leukocytes

A

Neutrophils

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16
Q

What leukocyte has 2 types of granules?

A

Neutrophils

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17
Q

What do neutrophil granulocytes contain

A

Hydrolytic enzymes
Defensins (antibiotic proteins)

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18
Q

What are polymorphic leukocytes

A

Means theyre leukocytes with many shaped nucleus

Neutrophils

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19
Q

What do phagocytes do

A

Ingest and destroy bacteria

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20
Q

What leukocyte is 2-4% of all leukocytes

A

Eosinophils

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21
Q

What leukocyte has nuclei that look like an old phone

A

Eosinophils

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22
Q

What leukocyte is effective against parasitic worms

A

Eosinophils

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23
Q

What leukocyte has higher numbers during allergic reactions

A

eosinophils

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24
Q

What leukocyte tries to lower the intensity of allergic reactions

A

Eosinophils

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25
Q

What leukocyte has cytoplasmic granules that contain histamine

A

Basophils

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26
Q

What does histamine do

A

Makes BV leaky and attracts other WBC

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27
Q

What leukocyte has an S or U shaped dark purple nucleus

A

Basophils

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28
Q

What group of leukocytes have no visible granules

A

Agranulocytes

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29
Q

What group of leukocytes have spherical or kidney shaped nuclei

A

Agranulocytes

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30
Q

Where do most lymphocytes hang out

A

Lymphoid tissue

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31
Q

Name 2 types of lymphocytes

A

T cells
B cells

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32
Q

What is the largest leukocyte

A

Monocyte

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33
Q

What leukocyte is phagocytic in chronic infections (ex TB)

A

Monocytes

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34
Q

What leukocyte is phagocytic against acute infections

A

Neutrophils

35
Q

What leukocyte differentiates into macrophages

A

Monocytes

36
Q

What is the shape of a monocyte nucleus

A

Kidney shaped or U shaped

37
Q

What is leukopoiesis

A

production of new white blood cells

38
Q

What is the name for production of new WBC

A

leukopoiesis

39
Q

What is the stem cell for RBC, WBC and platelets

A

Hemocytoblast

40
Q

What does the hemocytoblast develop into

A

Myeloid stem cell
Lymphoid stem cell

41
Q

What does the myeloid stem cell differentiate into

A

Myeloblasts
Monoblasts

42
Q

What leukocytes does the myeloblast differentiate into

A

Eosinophil
Neutrophil
Basophil

43
Q

What does the monoblast differentiate into

A

monocyte

44
Q

What commited cell do the granulocytes come from

A

Myeloblast

45
Q

What is the commited cell that lymphocytes are derived from

A

Lymphoblast

46
Q

What is the stem cell that leads to lymphocytes

A

Lymphoid stem cell

47
Q

What is the only leukocyte that is not derived from myeloid stem cells

A

Lymphocytes

48
Q

What is leukemia

A

Cancer of WBCs

49
Q

When is leukemia acute vs chronic

A

Acute if derived from a blast type cell
Chronic if from cells at later stages

50
Q

What is going ono with WBCs in leukemia

A

WBC numerous but not functional

51
Q

What happens to the WBC with mono

A

Large numbers of large and abnormally shaped lymphocytes

52
Q

What is leukopenia

A

Abnormally low WBC count

53
Q

What disease causes giant enlarged lymphocytes

A

Mononucleosis

54
Q

What kind of defense protects without having to identify the foreign invaders

A

Innate

55
Q

What type of immunity recognizes the specific target

A

Adaptive immunity

56
Q

What is a PAMP

A

pathogen associated molecular pattern

57
Q

What is a DAMP

A

damage associated molecular patterns

58
Q

Define PAMP

A

patterns associated with molecules not normally present in the body

59
Q

Define DAMP

A

patterns of molecules in the wrong place in our body (dna in cytoplasm)

60
Q

Are PAMP/DAMP innate or adaptive immunity

A

Innate

61
Q

What do toll like receptors do

A

Recognize PAMPs; phagocytize whatever is not deemed normal

62
Q

Where would you find toll like receptors

A

On the surface of phagocytic cells

63
Q

What are the 4 key signs of inflammation

A

redness
heat
swelling
pain

64
Q

Name 4 reasons inflammation is helpful

A

prevents spread of microorganisms
disposes of cell debris and pathogens
sets the stage for repair processes
alerts the adaptive immune system

65
Q

What are released by cells when injured

A

inflammatory chemicals

66
Q

Margination

A

movement of particles in flow towards the wall of a channel (clinging to the wall)

67
Q

Diapedesis

A

the passage of blood cells through the intact walls of the capillaries
(neutrophils flatten and squeeze out)

68
Q

Chemotaxis

A

WBCs following the chemical trail

69
Q

How do monocytes become macrophages

A

They turn into macrophages once they get to the tissues, but travel as monocytes

70
Q

Is interferon virus specific

A

Nope

71
Q

What secretes interferon

A

virus infected cells

72
Q

What does interferon do

A

binds with receptors on healthy cells, to encourage production of enzymes to break down the viral RNA

Also to prevent protein synthesis in healthy cells

73
Q

What is complement

A

A group of plasma proteins circulating in the blood (inactive)

74
Q

What is the name for the group of inactive plasma proteins circulating in the blood

A

Complement

75
Q

movement of particles in flow towards the wall of a channel (clinging to the wall)

A

Margination

76
Q

the passage of blood cells through the intact walls of the capillaries
(neutrophils flatten and squeeze out)

A

Diapedesis

77
Q

WBCs following the chemical trail during inflammation

A

Chemotaxis

78
Q

Opsonin

A

a substance that binds to foreign microorganisms to make them more susceptible to phagocytosis

79
Q

What functions as an opsonin

A

Complement

80
Q

What are natural killer cells

A

A non specific lymphocyte

81
Q

what is the major histocompatibility complex

A

A group of markers that mark all our nucleated cells

82
Q

When would a cell reduce their expression of MHC 1

A

cells infected with viruses

83
Q
A

ANP 1107 (21 decks)

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