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ANP 1107 > Lecture 18 > Flashcards

Lecture 18 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the scrotum

A

Sack of skin that houses the testicles

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2
Q

What is the sack of skin that houses the testicles

A

The scrotum

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3
Q

What provides one compartment per testis

A

A midline septum

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4
Q

What is the scrotum temps comparted to the body

A

3 degrees lower

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5
Q

Why is it colder in the scrotum than the body

A

Spermatogenesis cannot occur at normal body temps

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6
Q

What are the two tunics of the testicles

A

Tunica vaginalis
Tunica albuginea

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7
Q

What is the outer layer of the testicle

A

Tunica vaginalis

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8
Q

How many layers is the tunica vaginalis

A

2

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9
Q

What is the tunica vaginalis derived from

A

The peritoneum

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10
Q

What is the fibrous capsule of the testes

A

Tunica albuginea

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11
Q

What testes tunica has septal extensions that divide each testis into 250-300 wedge shaped lobules

A

Tunica albuginea

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12
Q

How many seminiferous tubules in each lobule

A

1-4

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13
Q

What do the cremaster and dartos muscles do

A

Control how far the testes are from the male’s body

Contracts on a cold day to keep warm and vice versa

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14
Q

What muscles control how close the testes are to the body

A

cremaster
Dartos

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15
Q

What is the pathway that sperm takes to the vas deferens

A

Seminiferous tubules
Straight tubule
Rete testes
Efferent ductules
Epididymis

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16
Q

What do the leydig cells produce

A

Androgens

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17
Q

What cell produces androgens

A

Leydig cells

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18
Q

Where are the leydig cells

A

Betwen the seminiferous tubules

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19
Q

Where do the testicular arteries branch from

A

Abdominal aorta

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20
Q

What do the testicular veins form

A

Pampiniform plexus

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21
Q

What is the pampiniform plexus

A

The network of vein leaving the testis

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22
Q

What is the function of the pampiniform plexus

A

It’s near the testicular artery, and is branched out to allow the blood to warm quickly before going back to systemic circulation

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23
Q

Where does the head of the epididymis recieve sperm from

A

The efferent ductules

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24
Q

Describe the sperm that enter the epididymis

A

Immature, nonmotile

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25
Q

How long does it take to traverse the epididymis

A

20 days

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26
Q

When do sperm gain the ability to swim

A

In the epididymis

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27
Q

What happens to the epididymis during ejaculation

A

The tail contracts and forces the sperm out

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28
Q

How long can sperm last

A

a couple months

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29
Q

How long is the vas deferens

A

45 cm

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30
Q

What is another name for the vas deferens

A

Ductus deferens

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31
Q

What is another name for the tubulus rectus

A

Straight tubule

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32
Q

What is the ejaculatory duct

A

short part of tubing before the urethra and vas deferens meet

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33
Q

what is a vasectomy

A

cutting the vas deferens, very low risk

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34
Q

What are the three regions of the urethra

A

Prostatic urethra
Intermediate part of urethra
Spongy urethra

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35
Q

Where is the prostatic urethra

A

Travelling through the prostate gland

36
Q

Where is the intermediate part of the urethra

A

It passes through the urogenital diaphragm

37
Q

When does the urethra become the spongy urethra

A

As soon as it enters the penis

38
Q

What percent of semen volume do the seminal vesicles contribute

A

70%

39
Q

Where are the seminal vesicles

A

At the posterior wall of the bladder

40
Q

Why is the seminal vesicle’s secretions yellow

A

Due to flavin proteins

41
Q

What is contained in the seminal vesicle fluid

A

Nutrition for sperm, and other substances to promote motility and fertilization

42
Q

What nutrition do sperm use

A

Fructose

43
Q

Do sperm use glucose

A

Nope

44
Q

What is the function of coagulating enzyme

A

Prevents sperm from spilling out, it gels up the semen

45
Q

What gels up the sperm to prevent it from spilling out

A

Coagulating enzyme

46
Q

What percent of semen volume does the prostate gland give

A

1/3

47
Q

What gives semen the milky secretion

A

Prostate gland

48
Q

Where are the bulbourethral glands

A

Inferior to the prostate glands

49
Q

What do the bulbourethral glands do

A

Neutralizes acid residue in urethra from urine, and acidity of vagina

50
Q

What gland produces an alkaline mucus to neutralize acidity

A

Bulbourethral glands

51
Q

What are the two parts of the external genitalia

A

Penis
Scrotum

52
Q

What composes the penis

A

Attached root
Free shaft (body)

53
Q

What is another word for the foreskin

A

Cuff of skin around the glands

54
Q

What is the glans penis

A

The tip of the penis

55
Q

What is the name for the tip of the penis

A

The glans penis

56
Q

What does the penis contain internally

A

Spongy urethra
3 corpora of erectile tissue

57
Q

What are the 3 corpora of erectile tissue

A

2 corpora cavernosa
1 midventral corpus spongiosum

58
Q

What corpus surrounds the urethra

A

Corpus spongiosum

59
Q

What does the corpus spongiosum surround

A

Spongy Urethra

60
Q

What is PSA

A

Prostate specific antigen

61
Q

What could higher levels of PSA indicate

A

Cancer or enlargement of the prostate gland

62
Q

What do the two corpora cavernosa surround

A

Deep arteries

63
Q

What is the pH of semen

A

7.2-76

64
Q

What is the pH of the vagina

A

3.5-4

65
Q

What is a germ cell

A

A cell that develops into a reproductive cell

66
Q

What is the source of germ cells and hormones

A

The testes

67
Q

What do the seminiferous tubules consist of

A

Sertoli cells
Spermatogenesis intermediates

68
Q

What percent of testicle cells are the seminiferous tubules

A

80

69
Q

Where does spermatogenesis occur

A

In between sertoli cells

70
Q

What are the steps to go from cholesterol to testosterone

A

Cholesterol
Progesterone
Androstenedione
Testosterone

71
Q

What is the precursor to testosterone

A

Androstenedione

72
Q

what are the 4 things that testosterone target

A

Gonadal actions
Somatic
Metabolic
CNS

73
Q

Gonadotropins are what kind of proteins

A

Glycoproteins

74
Q

What are the two main gonadotropic hormones

A

FSH
LH

75
Q

What does FSH do

A

Stimulates sertoli cells to support spermatogenesis

76
Q

What is necessary to begin spermatogenesis

A

Testosterone

77
Q

What does LH do

A

Stimulates leydig cells to secrete testosterone

78
Q

What stimulates leydig cells to secrete testosterone

A

LH

79
Q

What stimulates sertoli cells to support spermatogenesis

A

FSH

80
Q

What releases LH and FSH

A

anterior pituitary

81
Q

What is GnRH

A

gonadotropin releasing hormone

82
Q

What stimulates secretion of FSH and LH

A

GnRH

83
Q

what secretes gonadotropin releasing hormone

A

Hypothalamic neurons

84
Q

What releases inhibin

A

Sertoli cells

85
Q

What do sertoli cells release that inhibits secretion of FSH

A

Inhibin

86
Q

Why is inhibin important

A

It allows you to separate and regulate the secretion of LH and FSH separately, since they’re secreted together

87
Q

what is the male perineum

A

suspends the scrotum, contains root of the penis and anus

ANP 1107 (21 decks)

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