lecture 5

Question 1

euphyllophytes

Answer 1

the rest of the vascular plants ; the true leaf plants

Question 2

characteristics of euphyllophytes

Answer 2

multiflagellate sperm, roots with ENDOGENOUS BRANCHING (branches start to grow in the roots then move out of the epidermis)

Question 3

characteristics of leptosporangiate fern

Answer 3

sporangia walls only one cell thick (see through), most are terrestrial but some (few) aquatic species, require liquid for movement of sperm so most inhabit moist woods and other humid places

Question 4

leptosporangiate ferns

Answer 4

ferns that have small specialized sporangia developing from a single initial cell producing a definite amount of spores (most ferns)

Question 5

microphylls

Answer 5

leaves that only have one vein which is unbranched, doesnt leave a leaf gap

Question 6

megaphylls

Answer 6

large leaves with many branched veins , leaves a leaf gap

Question 7

what group of plants doesnt have megaphylls

Answer 7

lycophytes

Question 8

overtopping growth

Answer 8

when a branch departs from a main axis, branching looks less like a bush and more like a tree

Question 9

overtopping growth led to what

Answer 9

evolution of megaphylls

Question 10

megaphylls are synapomorphy for

Answer 10

monilophytes and seed plants

Question 11

what are the size of gametophyte and sporophyte for monilophytes

Answer 11

gametophyte is small and short lived while sporophyte can be large and sometimes can survive 100 years

Question 12

sporangia are born in

Answer 12

clusters called sori

Question 13

sori

Answer 13

cluster of sporangia usually on the back of leaves

Question 14

sori may be covered with what

Answer 14

indusium

Question 15

idusium

Answer 15

protective flap that protects sori

Question 16

are gametophyte and sporophytes dependent or independent

Answer 16

independent

Question 17

what do fern gametophytes look like

Answer 17

hearts

Question 18

what is a fiddlehead

Answer 18

new leaves unroll toward the tip (croziers)

Question 19

sporangia

Answer 19

small structure with a wall that is a single cell thick

Question 20

annulus

Answer 20

a band of thickened cells that changes with humidity to throw spores into air.

Question 21

sori

Answer 21

sporangia in clusters

Question 22

indusium

Answer 22

protective flap

Question 23

sporangia produces spores when

Answer 23

at maturity

Question 24

characteristics of horsetails and ferns

Answer 24

1. reduced true leaves in whorls 2. true roots 3. independent sporophyte and gametophyte , silica deposit in cell walls made them useful as scouring rush

Question 25

horse tails have what type of fake leaf

Answer 25

strobilus

Question 26

what are strobilus

Answer 26

a bunch of sporangia all gathered up together in shape of a cone