lecture 12 Flashcards
most animals require what for metabolism
oxygen and we need to get co2 out
what is the formula for cellular respiration
food + o2 –> co2+h2o+energy (heat & atp)
what is a main by product of cellular respiration and why is it important
co2, it is important because we must get rid of it bc of co2 toxicity
what does co2 toxicity do
blood PH DECREASE causing ACIDITY in cells
what two systems help with delivering co2 and o2
circulatory and respiratory
all molecular co2 and o2 is transported how
passively by diffusion
gases dissolve in body fluid in proportion to their
partial pressure
what is partial pressure
The total pressure of a mixture of gases can be defined as the sum of the pressures of each individual gas
gasses dissolve in liquids much like ions and glucose which means
they dont appear as tiny bubble in liquid solutions, the gasses that appear are NOT from the solution (think beer)
co2 is easier to what than 02
co2 is easier to eliminate than o2 is to obtain
co2 is more what compares to o2
co2 is more soluble than o2 in water and is easy for aquatic animals to exchange
partial pressure is the
proportion of the molecule on the entire pressure that you have
the partial pressure of a single gas is proportional to
the percent concentration
total pressure is
1 atm
when does total pressure fall
when increasing altitudes
what is the percent of oxygen at sea level
21%
what is the total pressure of atmosphere
1 atm
gases still follow the laws of diffusion BUT
not necessarily according to concentration
it is more difficult to move o2 through h2o than air because
water is denser than air, and 02 has a lower solubility
water breathers have a hard time to do what
they have a hard time maintaining high 02 uptake rates and it takes them 10% of their metabolism compared to humans 1-2%, getting 02 from water is HARD
there are no what water breathers
endothermic
high metabolism means
more energy
animals that regulate their temp will have higher
metabolic rate overall
what does the diffusion of gas follow
the fick equation
what is the fick equation
Q=DA ((p1-p2)/L)
what does the Q in the fick equation mean
rate of diffusion
what does the D in the fick equation mean
a constant
what does the A in the fick equation mean
area of respiratory membrane
what does the p1-p2 in the fick equation mean
difference in partial pressure of gas on either side of membrane
what does the L in the fick equation mean
diffusion distance across membrane
what is the greatest distance that oxygen can diffuse and meat metabolic needs
0.5 mm
diffusion alone can do what
can support life only over short distances , up to 0.5 mm
many animals dont need respiratory systems because
sponges, flatworms, etc can have oxygen reach all of their cells because the oxygen can reach between the 0.5 mm distance
respiratory gases diffuse according to
partial pressures which varies by altitudes
what is krough rule
the 0.5 mm distance, gases diffuse across membranes and travel by bulk flow around the body
it is hard to get what out of water rather than air and it is hard to get what into water
02
