lecture 4

Question 1

what is another name for vascular plants

Answer 1

tracheophytes

Question 2

besides the bryophytes all other land plants have

Answer 2

vascular tissue

Question 3

vascular plants have what as the dominant phase

Answer 3

sporophyte

Question 4

bryophytes have what as the dominant phase

Answer 4

gametophyte

Question 5

plants can produce many

Answer 5

sporangium and gametophytes

Question 6

what is a consequence to have a large/tall sporophyte in a heterogenous environment

Answer 6

they have to develop a new way to transport h20 and nutrients

Question 7

what happens to the plant in the air

Answer 7

light can be used to make glucose but water is limiting

Question 8

what happens to plant in soil

Answer 8

water is abundant in the soil but no light and tissues still need food

Question 9

leaves do what

Answer 9

make sugars by photosynthesis

Question 10

stem does what

Answer 10

support the plant to elevate the leaves and maximize photosynthesis

Question 11

roots do what

Answer 11

absorb water and nutrients

Question 12

what does the vascular tissue do

Answer 12

conducts water and minerals from the roots up to the top of the plant and it conducts sugars from leaves to the lower parts of the plant

Question 13

what direction does xylem go

Answer 13

up

Question 14

what direction does phloem do

Answer 14

down

Question 15

the xylem tissue is made up of

Answer 15

tracheids

Question 16

what are tracheids

Answer 16

long xylem cells full of holes called pits and DEAD AT MATURITY

Question 17

the xylem is strengthened by

Answer 17

lignin a complex polymer

Question 18

flowering plants have what cells that accompany traceids

Answer 18

vessel cells

Question 19

what does xylem carry

Answer 19

water and minerals

Question 20

what does phloem carry

Answer 20

phloem sap and its mostly sucrose

Question 21

the phloem cell are what

Answer 21

called sieve cells and they are alive at maturity

Question 22

sieve cells

Answer 22

have no organelles and depend on other cells for metabolism

Question 23

where does phloem start

Answer 23

around the xylem

Question 24

does xylem or phloem use energy to move its items

Answer 24

only phloem uses energy to move things

Question 25

explain phloem pressure flow

Answer 25

1. source cell uses active transport to push sugars into sieve cell reducing heir solute potential 2. water is taken by xylem by osmosis raising pressure in sieve. 3. resulting pressure differences drives sugars along the sieve tube into sink tube 4. sucrose is unloaded in sink cell 5. water moves back to the xylem by osmosis

Question 26

deposition of coal deposits come from what period

Answer 26

carboniferous period

Question 27

what are lycophytes

Answer 27

have independent sporophyte and gametophyte, true dichotomous branching roots, have leaf like structures called microphylls

Question 28

lycophytes have their sporangia where

Answer 28

in strobili

Question 29

where do lycophyte gametophytes fertilize

Answer 29

underground

Question 30

microphylls

Answer 30

not true leaves, small leaf like with one vein

Question 31

most vascular plants are what

Answer 31

heterosporous

Question 32

heterosporous

Answer 32

have two different spores of different sizes and sexes

Question 33

megaspore

Answer 33

develops into a female gametophyte (megagametophyte)

Question 34

microspore

Answer 34

develops into male gametophyte (microgametophyte)

Question 35

where is homospory found

Answer 35

in byrophyes, some lycophytes and most ferns

Question 36

homospory

Answer 36

where one type of spore is made by meiosis and only one gametophyte is made

Question 37

what is the ploidy of mega/microsporangium

Answer 37

2n

Question 38

what is the ploidy of mega/microspore

Answer 38

n