lecture 19 eco

Question 1

what is ecology

Answer 1

the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments

Question 2

what is biotic

Answer 2

living components (organisms)

Question 3

what is abiotic

Answer 3

nonliving components (light, water, pH)

Question 4

most visible responses to environments are

Answer 4

behavioral

Question 5

behaviors play a central play in

Answer 5

animal interactions with each other and the environment

Question 6

proximate causes of behavior

Answer 6

what are the immediate mechanistic causes?

Question 7

ultimate causes of behavior

Answer 7

what are the causes that led this process to evolve?

Question 8

question: nestlings of gull peak at red dot to stimulate adults to feed them. what are the proximate and ultimate causes?

Answer 8

proximate: nestlings are going to get fed by the adults
ultimate: helping coordinate the process of the nestlings obtaining food because they cant get it on their own

Question 9

fixed action pattern

Answer 9

actions that a species is programmed to do without being taught, this is controlled by the nervous system. (ex. web building by spiders, sea turtle nesting)

Question 10

biological determinism

Answer 10

this suggests that there is a hard wiring of behaviors (all nature , no nurture)

Question 11

behavioral imprinting

Answer 11

learning that occurs in critical periods an is inflexible after (usually early life) (ex. birds learn north star to navigate)

Question 12

navigation

Answer 12

moving toward a particular destination or along a particular course

Question 13

examples of navigation

Answer 13

trail following and path integration

Question 14

trail following

Answer 14

ants mark path with pheromones

Question 15

path integration

Answer 15

on outward trips, ants monitor length and direction of each segment and on the way home, ants puts all the info together to go straight home

Question 16

orientation

Answer 16

adopting a path relative to an environmental cue

Question 17

pigeon orientation

Answer 17

uses sun as a compass

Question 18

honey bee orientation

Answer 18

have photoreceptors in their eyes that allows them to detect polarized light by the sun even if its cloudy (polarization compass)

Question 19

turtle orientation

Answer 19

magnetic compass, earths magnetic field

Question 20

migration

Answer 20

movement between locations, remain for a substantial length of time before returning, and is often periodic (ex. monarch migration)

Question 21

behavior structure: time

Answer 21

active time will determine whether two species encounter one another

Question 22

behavior structure: space

Answer 22

individuals often restrict their movements to limited areas of populations space

Question 23

home range

Answer 23

space occupied by an individual, but others are not excluded

Question 24

territory

Answer 24

other occupants are actively excluded and this could prevent hybridization