Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

bio 2 > activities part 1 > Flashcards

activities part 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is homeostasis

A

the state of steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions maintained by living systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

negative feedback

A

it negates an initial change, if theres a change away from a set point, that change is negated returning the organism to the set point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

example of negative feedback

A

blood sugar, if blood sugar gets too high, pancreas will release insulin which lowers sugar so that it goes back to set point, the change was negated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

positive feedback

A

more rare, it amplifies an initial change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

example of positive feedback

A

milk ejection reflex, initial condition is that no milk is released, when baby sucks, receptors release oxytocin to cause more milk to flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does the respiratory of birds have

A

lungs and air sacs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is responsible for gas exchange in bird

A

lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what do the birds air sacs do

A

they allow air to flow unidirectionally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the bird sacs has both

A

anterior and posterior air sacs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what occurs during inhalation

A

the air sacs expand draw air from the environment into the posterior air sac. the air in the lungs are drawn into the anterior air sacs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what occurs during exhalation

A

the air sacs compress pushing the air from the posterior air sac into the lungs and the air in the anterior sacs out through the trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what occurs after a second full breath

A

air in the respiratory system completes the cycle, it leaves the lungs passes through the anterior air sacs an exits the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how does the respiratory system of bird differ from mammals

A

mammals have a bi directional air flow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how is the respiratory system of bird advantageous

A

the unidirectional system is so efficient birds can sustain activity at high altitudes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

unidirectional flow optimizes what

A

pressure difference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what kind of air is located in the anterior air sacs

A

deoxygenated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

artery

A

moves blood away from the heart (oxygenated blood)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the artery has what structures

A

endothelium, connective tissue, smooth muscle, and elastic tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

endothelium

A

inner lining of blood vessels and is continuous with endothelium of heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

connective tissue

A

fibrous connective tissue helps prevent tearing of the blood vessel walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

arteries hold what kind of pressure

A

high pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

smooth muscle

A

makes arteries and arterioles have variable diameter of vessels, when diameter changes, blood flow changes

23
Q

elastic tissue

A

allow arteries to withstand high pressures

24
Q

veins

A

take deoxygenated blood back to heart, has low blood pressure

25
Q

veins have what structures

A

smooth muscle, connective tissue, valves, endothelium

26
Q

veins do not have

A

elastic tissue

27
Q

what are the components of circulatory system

A

fluid, pump, and conduits

28
Q

valves

A

some veins have valves to stop backflow of blood

29
Q

homeostasis

A

stability of the internal environment of an individual such as constant body temp and the physiological or behavioral feedback responses that maintain that stability

30
Q

thermoregulation

A

animals that maintain a constant internal body temp

31
Q

what does the body do when external temp goes over or under the thermoneutral zone

A

the metabolic rate increases to try and get the body back to set point

32
Q

ectotherm

A

animals that permit their body temp to match external temp (frogs, crayfish etc)

33
Q

what kind of metabolic rate do ectotherms have? endotherms?

A

ecto: low metabolic rate/low oxygen demand endo: high metabolic rate/high oxygen demand

34
Q

ectotherms exhibit what kind of behavior

A

behavioral thermoregulation so if it gets too hot, they go into the shade

35
Q

what is a control system

A

organs or cells that can sense when conditions deviate from the norm and can initiate physiological mechanisms in response

36
Q

what are the four essential elements of a control system

A
  1. controlled variable 2. sensors 3. effectors 4. control mechanisms
37
Q

controlled variable

A

the characteristic of an animal that is being controlled (ex. temp)

38
Q

sensors

A

they detect the current level of the controlled variable (ex. skin or brain)

39
Q

effectors

A

tissues or organs that can alter the level of the controlled variable (ex. shivering muscles)

40
Q

control mechanism

A

used the info from the sensors to determine which effector to activate and how intense

41
Q

what kind of feedback is temp

A

negative

42
Q

insects have what kind of circulatory system

A

they have tracheal branching where 02 is brought to every cell in the body by a branch of the breathing system, NOT blood circulation

43
Q

since insects have a very simple respiratory system, what does that mean about their metabolic rate

A

low performance so low metabolic rate

44
Q

closed circulatory system

A

where the circulatory fluid is contained within a continuous system of vessels

45
Q

open circulatory system

A

where the blood leaves blood vessels and travels through spaces bounded by ordinary tissue cells as it flows through the body

46
Q

what is an effect of mammals and birds high metabolic rate mean about their circulatory system

A

they need a system more complex that will deliver 02 faster

47
Q

arteries

A

moves oxygenated blood away from heart, high pressure

48
Q

veins

A

moves deoxygenated blood towards the heart, low pressure

49
Q

vasodilation

A

lumen (hole) of arteriole is large in diameter and blood flows fast

50
Q

vasoconstriction

A

the arteriole diameter gets smaller causing less blood to travel

51
Q

what is a key feature of a open circulatory system

A

there is no distinction between blood (fluid pumped by the heart) and the interstitial fluid (fluid in between cells)

52
Q

what is blood and interstitial fluid mixed called

A

hemolymph

53
Q

respiratory pigment

A

proteins that are present in the blood and that greatly increase the amount of 02

54
Q

what is the respiratory pigment of humans

A

hemoglobin

bio 2 (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions