lecture 17 Flashcards

1
Q

skeletal muscles are critical for most

A

behaviors including breathing, moving, and talking VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS and REFLEXES

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2
Q

skeletal muscles are very

A

organized

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3
Q

what is the contractile unit of a skeletal muscle

A

sarcomere

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4
Q

what is the level of organization for skeletal muscles

A

muscle -> muscle cell/fiber -> myofibril -> sarcomere

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5
Q

what tissues do muscles have

A

muscle tissue, connective tissue, nervous tissue

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6
Q

where do skeletal muscles connect to

A

to the bone or either side of a joint

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7
Q

muscles can only what kind of movement

A

contract and relax

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8
Q

muscles work in what kind of pairs

A

opposing pairs

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9
Q

what do muscles need to do to create bidirectional movement

A

there needs to be a coordinated relaxation/contraction around joint

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10
Q

the skeletal muscles are in control by the what

A

somatic nervous system

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11
Q

what do skeletal muscles and cardiac muscles have in common

A

they are striated

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12
Q

the cardiac muscle is controlled by the

A

autonomic nervous system

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13
Q

how do skeletal and cardiac muscles differ

A

skeletal: multiple nucleus and somatic NS cardiac: one nucleus and autonomic NS

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14
Q

what are cardiac myocytes

A

cardiac muscle cells

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15
Q

what are the four specializations that cardiac cells do

A

intercalated discs, gap junctions, pacemaker cells, long action potential

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16
Q

intercalated discs

A

mechanically connect adjacent cells

17
Q

gap junctions

A

allows AP’s to move between adjacent cells

18
Q

pacemaker cells

A

endogenously generate contraction signal AP

19
Q

long action potential

A

ensures muscles have time to relax before next AP

20
Q

what type of cells initiate heart contractions

A

pacemaker and conducting cells

21
Q

the heartbeat is

22
Q

myogenic

A

regulated by the muscle

23
Q

what can the ANS alter in cardiac muscle cells

A

the ANS can alter the rate of contraction but it is not necessary for their function

24
Q

sinoatrial node

A

specialized muscle fibers located in the right atrium of the heart initiates the heartbeat

25
where is the smooth muscle located and what does it do
it lines many hallow organs and generate long sustained contractions or waves of contractions (gut, uterus, blood vessels)
26
many smooth muscles are connected by (same as cardiac cells)
gap junctions
27
smooth muscles do what to blood vessels
vasocontraction and vasodilatation
28
smooth muscles are different from skeletal and cardiac because
they are not striated and contract in all directions
29
smooth muscles can contract for long periods of time while
conserving ATP
30
smooth muscles have no
sarcomere