lecture 20 Flashcards
what is the scale of ecological organization from smallest to biggest
organisms, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
what drives global climate?
sunlight, movement of plants, atmospheric and ocean circulation
solar energy at high latitudes
south/north pole gets less solar energy
solar energy at equator
gets the most solar energy
why do the polars get less solar energy
- they get shallow angles 2. sunlight is spread over a larger surface area & must pass though more atmosphere
seasonality is a consequence of
tilt and movement
where is sun at spring equinox
equator
where is sun at summer solstice
T of cancer
where is sun at fall equinox
equator
where is sun at winter solstice
T of capricorn
sunlight is more intense at tropical latitudes causing what
air to rise and cool
as air rises and cools what happens
it loses moisture so it rains a lot
air moving upward at the equator creates
inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ)
dry cold air is dense and begins to fall which causes
deserts to occur at these 30 zones because descending dry air absorbs moisture (causes hadley cells)
hadley cell
a large-scale atmospheric convection cell in which air rises at the equator and sinks at medium latitudes, typically about 30° north or south.
cell at 60 N/S degrees are called
polar cells
cells between 30 and 60 are called
ferrel cells
cells between 30 and the equator are called
hadley cells
trade winds between 60 N and up moves
down left
trade winds between 30 N and 60 N moves
up right
trade winds between 0 and 30 N moves
down left
trade winds between 0 and 30 S moves
up left
trade winds between 30 S and 60 S moves
down right
trade winds between 60 S and up moves
up left
wind closer to the equator is
lagging compared to earths rotation
circular flow of water rotates how in the north and south hemispheres
north it moves clockwise and south it moves counterclockwise
what moderates temps in europe
gulf stream
water vapor does what on windside (upwards)
it expands and cools
water vapor does what on leeward (downwards)
water vapor loses moisture and gets hot
weather
the day to day state of the atmosphere and its short term variation in minutes to weeks
climate
how the atmosphere behaves over a relatively long period of time
biogeography
spatial distribution of species
physical geography
spatial distribution of earths climates
biome
a distinct physical environment that is inhabited by ecologically similar organisms with similar adaptations
terrestrial biome
usually distinguished by the dominant type of vegetation
what determines a biome
physical environment, climate and climatic variability,
what is/not important for aquatic biomes
climate is less important but water depth (light) , water temp, pressure, etc
what is a lake
a non moving aquatic biome
littoral zone
near shore region in a lake (horizontal)
limnetic zone
open area in a lake (horizontal)
photic zone
where light penetrates (vertical)
aphotic zone
lack of photosynthesis , less light (vertical)
bentric zone
substrate, bottom of lake (vertical)
intertidal zone
between the high and low tide , where you can have wave action occuring
pelagic zone and its two detailed zones
open ocean, neritic and oceanic
neritic
extends over the depth of the continental shelf
oceanic
open ocean
benthic zone
seafloor
abyssal zone
deepest ocean
who proposed the six biogeographic regions
alfred russel wallace
neartic holds
most of north america
neotropical holds
most of south america
ethiopian holds
most of africa
paleartic holds
most of asia and europe
oriental holds
most of south and east asia
austrialasain
girl what you think Australia
antarltic holds
end of south america and south africa and antartica
how much of the earth is human dominated
half of the earths land
humans help what what interchange
biotic interchange by moving animals around
conservation ecology
understand and prevent extinction of vulnerable species
restoration ecology
restore health of damaged ecosystems
