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bio 2 > lecture 14 > Flashcards

lecture 14 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is mediated by the circulatory system

A

bulk flow over long distances in the body

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2
Q

true circulatory system has

A

pump, fluid, and conduits

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3
Q

what is the copper based respiratory pigment found in spiders and octo

A

haemocyanin

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4
Q

what is the iron based respiratory pigment found in worms leeches

A

chlorocruorin

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5
Q

what is the iron based respiratory pigment found in penis worms and marine worms

A

haemerythrin

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6
Q

vertebrates use what in the hemoglobin to carry oxygen

A

iron

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7
Q

oxygen binds to what part of the hemoglobin pigment

A

iron sites

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8
Q

how many oxygen molecules can hemoglobin carry

A

4 molecules

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9
Q

nematode uses what for nutrient delivery

A

pseudocoelom to move nutrients but NOT true circulation

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10
Q

pseudocoelom

A

liquid filled layer

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11
Q

open circulatory system

A

heart pumps blood through vessels that empty into cavities around organs; found in anthropoids (blood sprays like a hose), hemolymph, and this causes LOW BLOOD PRESSURE and LOW METABLOIC RATE

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12
Q

closed circulatory system

A

blood vessels keep circulatory fluid (blood) separate from interstitial fluid

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13
Q

what organism has the simplest of the closed circulatory systems

A

fish

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14
Q

what does the fishes circulatory system consist of

A

an atrium where blood comes from body (deoxy) and a ventricle that always receives blood from atrium and sends to gills

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15
Q

what is a problem for the simplicity of the fish circulatory system

A

small heart works so hard to move blood to everywhere in the body (1 pump to move blood everywhere)

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16
Q

amphibian circulatory system

A

they have a three chambered heart; 2 atria and one ventricle

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17
Q

in the amphibian heart where does deoxy and oxy blood go

A

deoxy enters right atria and oxy enters left

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18
Q

what is the advantage of this amphibian system

A

more efficient in pumping blood into the rest of the body (2 pumps to reach the rest of the body)

19
Q

pulmonary circuit

A

where blood goes to the lungs to become oxygenated

20
Q

systemic circuit

A

where blood goes to the rest of the body

21
Q

what is the problem with the amphibian system and why is it ok

A

it has one ventricle so it mixes deoxy and oxy blood, it is okay because this animals have low metabolic rate and low oxygen rate

22
Q

what do reptiles have for their circulatory system

A

they have a half separation between the ventricles so its still a three chambered heart but the two ventricles have a slight wall

23
Q

what do reptiles do when in the water

A

they have a blood vessel that bypasses the lungs so that blood cycles between the body and heart only, pulmonary circuit is avoided if lungs arent needed

24
Q

what animals have the most complex circulatory system

A

mammals and birds

25
Q

why is mammals and bird have most complex heart

A

they have two ventricles completely separated so separate systemic and pulmonary circuit KEY ADAPTION FOR ENDOTHERMY

26
Q

deoxy blood comes from where

A

right side of heart

27
Q

oxy blood comes from where

A

left side of heart

28
Q

what locations are solely part of the pulmonary circuit (deoxy)

A

right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins

29
Q

what locations are solely part of the systemic circuit (oxy)

A

left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, body, vena cavae

30
Q

what occurs in diastole

A

both atria contract together at the end of the diastole

31
Q

what occurs in the systole

A

both ventricles contract together during systole

32
Q

what needs to happen before ventricles contract

A

blood needs to flow fully out of the atria

33
Q

what makes our heart sounds

A

closing of the valves

34
Q

valves make sure what

A

that blood flows in one direction

35
Q

ventricular diastole

A

passive filling of the ventricles/atria causing atrial contraction and RELAXING of the heart VALVES OPEN

36
Q

ventricular systole

A

AV VALVES cLOSE , CONTRACTION OF HEart then pressure causes blood to pass through the semilunar valves that are open and ventricles push blood out

37
Q

the first beat of a heart beat comes from

A

atrial ventricular valve

38
Q

the second beat of a heart comes from

A

valve between ventricles and artery

39
Q

why is systole blood number higher

A

blood needs to move faster to get through a bigger distance

40
Q

why is distole number smaller

A

blood moves a small distance

41
Q

what does the contracting of the heart

A

pacemaker potentials

42
Q

sinoatrial node

A

where pacemaker cells lie and begin their signal

43
Q

atrioventricular node

A

conducts the signal slowly to ensure adequate time for chambers to fill

bio 2 (26 decks)

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