lecture 14 Flashcards

1
Q

what is mediated by the circulatory system

A

bulk flow over long distances in the body

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2
Q

true circulatory system has

A

pump, fluid, and conduits

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3
Q

what is the copper based respiratory pigment found in spiders and octo

A

haemocyanin

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4
Q

what is the iron based respiratory pigment found in worms leeches

A

chlorocruorin

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5
Q

what is the iron based respiratory pigment found in penis worms and marine worms

A

haemerythrin

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6
Q

vertebrates use what in the hemoglobin to carry oxygen

A

iron

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7
Q

oxygen binds to what part of the hemoglobin pigment

A

iron sites

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8
Q

how many oxygen molecules can hemoglobin carry

A

4 molecules

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9
Q

nematode uses what for nutrient delivery

A

pseudocoelom to move nutrients but NOT true circulation

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10
Q

pseudocoelom

A

liquid filled layer

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11
Q

open circulatory system

A

heart pumps blood through vessels that empty into cavities around organs; found in anthropoids (blood sprays like a hose), hemolymph, and this causes LOW BLOOD PRESSURE and LOW METABLOIC RATE

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12
Q

closed circulatory system

A

blood vessels keep circulatory fluid (blood) separate from interstitial fluid

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13
Q

what organism has the simplest of the closed circulatory systems

A

fish

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14
Q

what does the fishes circulatory system consist of

A

an atrium where blood comes from body (deoxy) and a ventricle that always receives blood from atrium and sends to gills

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15
Q

what is a problem for the simplicity of the fish circulatory system

A

small heart works so hard to move blood to everywhere in the body (1 pump to move blood everywhere)

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16
Q

amphibian circulatory system

A

they have a three chambered heart; 2 atria and one ventricle

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17
Q

in the amphibian heart where does deoxy and oxy blood go

A

deoxy enters right atria and oxy enters left

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18
Q

what is the advantage of this amphibian system

A

more efficient in pumping blood into the rest of the body (2 pumps to reach the rest of the body)

19
Q

pulmonary circuit

A

where blood goes to the lungs to become oxygenated

20
Q

systemic circuit

A

where blood goes to the rest of the body

21
Q

what is the problem with the amphibian system and why is it ok

A

it has one ventricle so it mixes deoxy and oxy blood, it is okay because this animals have low metabolic rate and low oxygen rate

22
Q

what do reptiles have for their circulatory system

A

they have a half separation between the ventricles so its still a three chambered heart but the two ventricles have a slight wall

23
Q

what do reptiles do when in the water

A

they have a blood vessel that bypasses the lungs so that blood cycles between the body and heart only, pulmonary circuit is avoided if lungs arent needed

24
Q

what animals have the most complex circulatory system

A

mammals and birds

25
why is mammals and bird have most complex heart
they have two ventricles completely separated so separate systemic and pulmonary circuit KEY ADAPTION FOR ENDOTHERMY
26
deoxy blood comes from where
right side of heart
27
oxy blood comes from where
left side of heart
28
what locations are solely part of the pulmonary circuit (deoxy)
right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins
29
what locations are solely part of the systemic circuit (oxy)
left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, body, vena cavae
30
what occurs in diastole
both atria contract together at the end of the diastole
31
what occurs in the systole
both ventricles contract together during systole
32
what needs to happen before ventricles contract
blood needs to flow fully out of the atria
33
what makes our heart sounds
closing of the valves
34
valves make sure what
that blood flows in one direction
35
ventricular diastole
passive filling of the ventricles/atria causing atrial contraction and RELAXING of the heart VALVES OPEN
36
ventricular systole
AV VALVES cLOSE , CONTRACTION OF HEart then pressure causes blood to pass through the semilunar valves that are open and ventricles push blood out
37
the first beat of a heart beat comes from
atrial ventricular valve
38
the second beat of a heart comes from
valve between ventricles and artery
39
why is systole blood number higher
blood needs to move faster to get through a bigger distance
40
why is distole number smaller
blood moves a small distance
41
what does the contracting of the heart
pacemaker potentials
42
sinoatrial node
where pacemaker cells lie and begin their signal
43
atrioventricular node
conducts the signal slowly to ensure adequate time for chambers to fill