lecture 14 Flashcards
what is mediated by the circulatory system
bulk flow over long distances in the body
true circulatory system has
pump, fluid, and conduits
what is the copper based respiratory pigment found in spiders and octo
haemocyanin
what is the iron based respiratory pigment found in worms leeches
chlorocruorin
what is the iron based respiratory pigment found in penis worms and marine worms
haemerythrin
vertebrates use what in the hemoglobin to carry oxygen
iron
oxygen binds to what part of the hemoglobin pigment
iron sites
how many oxygen molecules can hemoglobin carry
4 molecules
nematode uses what for nutrient delivery
pseudocoelom to move nutrients but NOT true circulation
pseudocoelom
liquid filled layer
open circulatory system
heart pumps blood through vessels that empty into cavities around organs; found in anthropoids (blood sprays like a hose), hemolymph, and this causes LOW BLOOD PRESSURE and LOW METABLOIC RATE
closed circulatory system
blood vessels keep circulatory fluid (blood) separate from interstitial fluid
what organism has the simplest of the closed circulatory systems
fish
what does the fishes circulatory system consist of
an atrium where blood comes from body (deoxy) and a ventricle that always receives blood from atrium and sends to gills
what is a problem for the simplicity of the fish circulatory system
small heart works so hard to move blood to everywhere in the body (1 pump to move blood everywhere)
amphibian circulatory system
they have a three chambered heart; 2 atria and one ventricle
in the amphibian heart where does deoxy and oxy blood go
deoxy enters right atria and oxy enters left
what is the advantage of this amphibian system
more efficient in pumping blood into the rest of the body (2 pumps to reach the rest of the body)
pulmonary circuit
where blood goes to the lungs to become oxygenated
systemic circuit
where blood goes to the rest of the body
what is the problem with the amphibian system and why is it ok
it has one ventricle so it mixes deoxy and oxy blood, it is okay because this animals have low metabolic rate and low oxygen rate
what do reptiles have for their circulatory system
they have a half separation between the ventricles so its still a three chambered heart but the two ventricles have a slight wall
what do reptiles do when in the water
they have a blood vessel that bypasses the lungs so that blood cycles between the body and heart only, pulmonary circuit is avoided if lungs arent needed
what animals have the most complex circulatory system
mammals and birds
why is mammals and bird have most complex heart
they have two ventricles completely separated so separate systemic and pulmonary circuit KEY ADAPTION FOR ENDOTHERMY
deoxy blood comes from where
right side of heart
oxy blood comes from where
left side of heart
what locations are solely part of the pulmonary circuit (deoxy)
right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins
what locations are solely part of the systemic circuit (oxy)
left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, body, vena cavae
what occurs in diastole
both atria contract together at the end of the diastole
what occurs in the systole
both ventricles contract together during systole
what needs to happen before ventricles contract
blood needs to flow fully out of the atria
what makes our heart sounds
closing of the valves
valves make sure what
that blood flows in one direction
ventricular diastole
passive filling of the ventricles/atria causing atrial contraction and RELAXING of the heart VALVES OPEN
ventricular systole
AV VALVES cLOSE , CONTRACTION OF HEart then pressure causes blood to pass through the semilunar valves that are open and ventricles push blood out
the first beat of a heart beat comes from
atrial ventricular valve
the second beat of a heart comes from
valve between ventricles and artery
why is systole blood number higher
blood needs to move faster to get through a bigger distance
why is distole number smaller
blood moves a small distance
what does the contracting of the heart
pacemaker potentials
sinoatrial node
where pacemaker cells lie and begin their signal
atrioventricular node
conducts the signal slowly to ensure adequate time for chambers to fill
