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Microbiology > Lecture 38: Lawsonia Intracellularis > Flashcards

Lecture 38: Lawsonia Intracellularis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Lawsonia is a gram ___, obligate ___

A

Negative, intracellular

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2
Q

What is the endotoxin for Lawsonia intracellularis

A

Lipid A

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3
Q

What is the function of O antigen

A

Hinders complement killing

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4
Q

What assists Lawsonia intracellular to move through SI mucous and attach to enterocytes

A

Unipolar flagellum

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5
Q

Lawsonia intracellular has a ___system that aids in escape from phagolysosome once in enterocyte

A

Type III secretory system

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6
Q

What is the purpose of Lawsonia surface antigen A (LsaA protein)

A

Involved in enterocyte adhesion/ invasion

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7
Q

Lawsonia intracellularis has no anexic growth on culture meaning….

A

Unable to grow in cell free media

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8
Q

Lawsonia requires interactions with other ___to cause disease which is called ___

A

Microbiota, dysbiosis

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9
Q

T or F: gnotobiotic pigs do not develop disease when experimentally fed Lawsonia

A

True

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10
Q

What does Lawsonia intracellularis cause

A

Proliferation enteropathy

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11
Q

What are the primary reservoirs for L. Intracellularis

A

Intestinal tract and environment of infected animals, viable infeces

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12
Q

What are some other potential reservoirs for L. Intracellularis

A

Mice, rats, and rabbits

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13
Q

What is the pathogensis of L. Intracellularis

A
  1. Ingested via fecal-contaminated material
  2. Survive stomach pH
  3. Attach to apical membrane of enterocytes in crypts of SI
  4. Increase mitotic events and decrease differentiation into enterocytes (rapidly dividing)
  5. Replace goblet cells and villus enterocytes
  6. Rugose or corrugated mucosa
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14
Q

What is responsible for the increase in mitotic events in L. Intracellularis

A

B-catenin/wnt upregulated

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15
Q

What is responsible for the decrease in differentiation of enterocytes in L. Intracellularis

A

Notch1 downregulated

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16
Q

What is the result of infection with L. Intracellularis

A
  1. Thickening of mucosa
  2. Malabsorptive diarrhea
  3. Possible fever and inflamed SI and colon
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17
Q

How is L. Intracellularis transmitted by infected animals

A

Fecal shedding

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18
Q

What are the reservoirs for Porcine Proliferative enteropathy

A

Rats and mice

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19
Q

How long does porcine proliferative enteropathy infection last

A

Months

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20
Q

Where does L. Intracellularis initiate in PPE

A

Distal jejunum and ileum

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21
Q

___is associated with clinical disease of PPE in piglets

A

Stressors

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22
Q

What is the subclinical form of L. Intracellularis in pigs

A

Poor performance, no diarrhea, necropsy shows signs of proliferative enteropathy- iletlitis/ corrugated mucosa

23
Q

What occurs in the intestinal adematosis form of L. Intracellularis in pigs

A

Diarrhea, thickening of intestinal mucosa due to hyperplasia of crypt epithelium

24
Q

What occurs in the necrotic enteritis/ileitis form of L. Intracellularis in pigs

A

Diarrhea, extensive necrosis and replacement of mucosa by necrotic membrane

25
Q

What occurs in the regional iletis form of L. Intracellularis in pigs

A

Thickening if smooth muscle wall, contracted segment of distal SI- garden hose gut

26
Q

What occurs in the acute form of proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy

A

Dysentery, thickening of intestinal mucosa and acute hemorrhage into intestinal lumen, tarry feces present in lumen

27
Q

Who is affected by PPE and porcine intestinal adenomatosis

A

<4 months old (weanlings/growers)

28
Q

Who is affected by porcine hemorrhagic enteropathy

A

> 4 months (finishers/breeders) primarily gilts

29
Q

T or F: pigs with PPE recover spontaneously with immunity

A

True

30
Q

PPE can cause formation of ___casts

A

Yellow fibronectroic casts

31
Q

When is L. Intracellularis most common in horses

A

August-January, spikes November-December

32
Q

What are the reservoirs for L. Intracellularis in horses

A

Rabbits, rodents, birds, infected foals

33
Q

What horses are affected by L. Intracellularis

A

Foals, weanlings, yearlings (3-13 months)

34
Q

What are the main stressors that contribute to L. Intracellularis in horses

A

Weaning 4-7 months, combined with immunity gap at 4-8 months

35
Q

What are the clinical signs of L. Intracellularis in horses

A

Corrugated ileum, edema of head, throat latch, ventral abdomen, prepuce, vulva, osmotic diarrhea, weight loss, failure to thrive

36
Q

When is L. Intracellular detectable by PCR

A

12 days

37
Q

When do horses who are infected with L. Intracellularis get loose feces

A

Day 15

38
Q

When do horses infected with L. Intracellular get edema

A

Day 17

39
Q

What stain can be used to dx Lawsonia

A

Warthin starry silver stain

40
Q

How do you dx Lawsonia intracellularis

A
  1. Feces PCR/qpcr
  2. Blood immunoperoxidase monolayer assay
41
Q

What dx can you use in horses only to dx L. Intracellularis

A

Ultrasound-thickening of SI mucosa, bloodwork- hypoproteinemia

42
Q

Why do yuo need to be careful when using the immunoperoxidase monolayer assay to dx L. Intracellularis in pigs

A

Lifelong carriers with immunity so can be positive- need to do PCR

43
Q

What is the tx for L. Intracellularis in pigs and horses

A

Oxytetracycline and doxycycline

44
Q

What is the tx for L. Intracellularis in foals

A

Erythromycin, rifampin, IV plasma to increase oncotic pressure

45
Q

What vaccine is available for pigs and horses for L. Intracellularis

A

Enterisol ileitis

46
Q

How do you give vaccine to pigs

A

Orally in drinking water or IM

47
Q

How do you give vaccine to horses

A

Intra-rectally can’t give orally stomach pH will destroy

48
Q

What vaccine for L. Intracellularis is only available for pigs

A

Porcilis ileitis

49
Q

One way to control and prevent L. Intracellularis is to reduce ___in gut microbiome

A

Dysbiosis

50
Q

How can u decrease dysbiosis in gut micro biome to prevent L. Intracellularis

A
  1. Prebiotics
  2. Probiotics
  3. Course non-pelleted feed
51
Q

What caused diarrhea or “wet tail” in the Syrian hamster

A

L. Intracellularis

52
Q

What Syrian hamsters are significantly affected by L. Intracellularis

A

3-10 week old, high mortality

53
Q

What is tx for L. Intracellularis in Syrian hamster

A
  1. Correct life threatening electrolyte balance and dehydration
  2. Enrofloxacin, doxycycline, trimpethorpins
54
Q

What are some sequela of L. Intracellularis in Syrian hamsters

A

Obstruction, intussuception, rectal prolapse

Microbiology (31 decks)

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