Lecture 36: Spirochete infections in domestic animals

Question 1

What is the most widespread zoonotic bacterial disease

Answer 1

Leptospira spp

Question 2

What is leptospira spp associated with ex vivo

Answer 2

Standing water, mud
Late spring, early fall
Recent history of heavy rain/flooding

Question 3

In vivo where does leptospira like to go

Answer 3

Renal tubules (SA)
Genital tract (LA)

Question 4

How do you classify leptospira spp

Answer 4

Serovars

Question 5

What is the maintenance host for leptospira serovar canicola

Answer 5

Dogs

Question 6

What is incidental host for leptospira serovar canicola

Answer 6

Pigs/cattle

Question 7

What samples do you want to collect for suspect leptospira infection

Answer 7

Blood, urine

Question 8

What tests do you want to run for suspected leptospira infection

Answer 8

Serology and PCR

Question 9

What is the reservoir species for leptospira serovar canicola

Answer 9

Coyotes, javelina

Question 10

What are the clinical signs of leptospira in dogs and cats

Answer 10

1. Primary renal: increase BUN and creating
2. Secondary hepatic: icterus, increase liver enzymes
   Hematuria

Question 11

What are some signs of leptospira in large animals

Answer 11

1. Primary reproductive: abortion
2. Secondary renal
3. Moon blindness in horses

Question 12

What are some classify Bloodwork abnormalities with leptospira

Answer 12

Increase BUN, creatinine and liver enzymes

Question 13

How is leptospira transmitted

Answer 13

1. Free standing water
2. Direct contact with urine
3. Fetal and placental tissues

Question 14

Must be careful when collecting urine with suspected leptospira spp because it is ___

Answer 14

Zoonotic

Question 15

What is the tx for leptospira

Answer 15

Oxytetracycline and doxycycline for 1-2wks+

Question 16

How do you prevent leptospira

Answer 16

Vaccine

Question 17

What is the tick vector for Borellia

Answer 17

Ixodes

Question 18

T or F: Borrelia is zoonotic via tick vectors

Answer 18

True

Question 19

T or F: 95% of dogs infected with Borrelia show no clinical signs

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What is a major sign of borellia infection

Answer 20

Shifting leg lameness

Question 21

If a Bernese mountain dog or yellow lab becomes infected with Borrelia what are we worried about

Answer 21

Renal disease- protein losing nephropathy

Question 22

What is the best way to dx Borrelia

Answer 22

IDEXX snap

Question 23

What does Borrelia IDEXX snap test for

Answer 23

host antibodies and C6 peptides- antigenic variable protein not found in vaccines

Question 24

What is tx for Borrelia

Answer 24

Tetracyclines and penicillins for 1-2, sometimes >4 weeks

Question 25

How do you prevent Borrelia

Answer 25

Tick prevention and vaccination

Question 26

What is the transmission cycle of Lyme disease in nature

Answer 26

1. Tick larvae feed on primary host- white footed mouse
2. Large molts into nymphs feed on 2nd host: white footed mouse
3. Nymphs molt and feed on tertiary host: deer, humans, dog,s horses

Question 27

For Borrelia infection is disease seen in incidental hosts or maintenance hosts

Answer 27

Incidental

Question 28

T or F: no direct transmission of Lyme from animals to humans

Answer 28

True