Lecture 36: Spirochete infections in domestic animals Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the most widespread zoonotic bacterial disease

A

Leptospira spp

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2
Q

What is leptospira spp associated with ex vivo

A

Standing water, mud
Late spring, early fall
Recent history of heavy rain/flooding

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3
Q

In vivo where does leptospira like to go

A

Renal tubules (SA)
Genital tract (LA)

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4
Q

How do you classify leptospira spp

A

Serovars

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5
Q

What is the maintenance host for leptospira serovar canicola

A

Dogs

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6
Q

What is incidental host for leptospira serovar canicola

A

Pigs/cattle

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7
Q

What samples do you want to collect for suspect leptospira infection

A

Blood, urine

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8
Q

What tests do you want to run for suspected leptospira infection

A

Serology and PCR

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9
Q

What is the reservoir species for leptospira serovar canicola

A

Coyotes, javelina

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10
Q

What are the clinical signs of leptospira in dogs and cats

A
  1. Primary renal: increase BUN and creating
  2. Secondary hepatic: icterus, increase liver enzymes
    Hematuria
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11
Q

What are some signs of leptospira in large animals

A
  1. Primary reproductive: abortion
  2. Secondary renal
  3. Moon blindness in horses
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12
Q

What are some classify Bloodwork abnormalities with leptospira

A

Increase BUN, creatinine and liver enzymes

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13
Q

How is leptospira transmitted

A
  1. Free standing water
  2. Direct contact with urine
  3. Fetal and placental tissues
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14
Q

Must be careful when collecting urine with suspected leptospira spp because it is ___

A

Zoonotic

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15
Q

What is the tx for leptospira

A

Oxytetracycline and doxycycline for 1-2wks+

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16
Q

How do you prevent leptospira

A

Vaccine

17
Q

What is the tick vector for Borellia

A

Ixodes

18
Q

T or F: Borrelia is zoonotic via tick vectors

A

True

19
Q

T or F: 95% of dogs infected with Borrelia show no clinical signs

A

True

20
Q

What is a major sign of borellia infection

A

Shifting leg lameness

21
Q

If a Bernese mountain dog or yellow lab becomes infected with Borrelia what are we worried about

A

Renal disease- protein losing nephropathy

22
Q

What is the best way to dx Borrelia

A

IDEXX snap

23
Q

What does Borrelia IDEXX snap test for

A

host antibodies and C6 peptides- antigenic variable protein not found in vaccines

24
Q

What is tx for Borrelia

A

Tetracyclines and penicillins for 1-2, sometimes >4 weeks

25
Q

How do you prevent Borrelia

A

Tick prevention and vaccination

26
Q

What is the transmission cycle of Lyme disease in nature

A
  1. Tick larvae feed on primary host- white footed mouse
  2. Large molts into nymphs feed on 2nd host: white footed mouse
  3. Nymphs molt and feed on tertiary host: deer, humans, dog,s horses
27
Q

For Borrelia infection is disease seen in incidental hosts or maintenance hosts

A

Incidental

28
Q

T or F: no direct transmission of Lyme from animals to humans

A

True