Lecture 36: Spirochete infections in domestic animals Flashcards
What is the most widespread zoonotic bacterial disease
Leptospira spp
What is leptospira spp associated with ex vivo
Standing water, mud
Late spring, early fall
Recent history of heavy rain/flooding
In vivo where does leptospira like to go
Renal tubules (SA)
Genital tract (LA)
How do you classify leptospira spp
Serovars
What is the maintenance host for leptospira serovar canicola
Dogs
What is incidental host for leptospira serovar canicola
Pigs/cattle
What samples do you want to collect for suspect leptospira infection
Blood, urine
What tests do you want to run for suspected leptospira infection
Serology and PCR
What is the reservoir species for leptospira serovar canicola
Coyotes, javelina
What are the clinical signs of leptospira in dogs and cats
- Primary renal: increase BUN and creating
- Secondary hepatic: icterus, increase liver enzymes
Hematuria
What are some signs of leptospira in large animals
- Primary reproductive: abortion
- Secondary renal
- Moon blindness in horses
What are some classify Bloodwork abnormalities with leptospira
Increase BUN, creatinine and liver enzymes
How is leptospira transmitted
- Free standing water
- Direct contact with urine
- Fetal and placental tissues
Must be careful when collecting urine with suspected leptospira spp because it is ___
Zoonotic
What is the tx for leptospira
Oxytetracycline and doxycycline for 1-2wks+
How do you prevent leptospira
Vaccine
What is the tick vector for Borellia
Ixodes
T or F: Borrelia is zoonotic via tick vectors
True
T or F: 95% of dogs infected with Borrelia show no clinical signs
True
What is a major sign of borellia infection
Shifting leg lameness
If a Bernese mountain dog or yellow lab becomes infected with Borrelia what are we worried about
Renal disease- protein losing nephropathy
What is the best way to dx Borrelia
IDEXX snap
What does Borrelia IDEXX snap test for
host antibodies and C6 peptides- antigenic variable protein not found in vaccines
What is tx for Borrelia
Tetracyclines and penicillins for 1-2, sometimes >4 weeks
How do you prevent Borrelia
Tick prevention and vaccination
What is the transmission cycle of Lyme disease in nature
- Tick larvae feed on primary host- white footed mouse
- Large molts into nymphs feed on 2nd host: white footed mouse
- Nymphs molt and feed on tertiary host: deer, humans, dog,s horses
For Borrelia infection is disease seen in incidental hosts or maintenance hosts
Incidental
T or F: no direct transmission of Lyme from animals to humans
True
