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Microbiology > Lecture 12: Streptococcus Respiratory Infections and Mastitis > Flashcards

Lecture 12: Streptococcus Respiratory Infections and Mastitis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Are streptoccci gram positive or negative

A

Positive

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2
Q

Streptococci are arranged in ___ or __

A

Pairs or chains

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3
Q

Are streptocci commensal organisms

A

Yes, found in upper respiratory tract, GI tract, lower urogenital track but become opportunistic pathogens

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4
Q

Streptococci are ___ anaerobes

A

Facultative

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5
Q

Are streptococci catalase positive or negative

A

Negative

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6
Q

What is the appearance of colonies for streptococci

A

Clear, gray, white or yellow with smooth and mucoid appearance

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7
Q

T or F: streptococci are fastidious

A

True

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8
Q

T or F: streptococci are capnophiles

A

True

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9
Q

T or F: streptococci have hemolytic patterns

A

True

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10
Q

How are streptococci classified

A

Lance field classification based on group specific cell wall carbohydrate

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11
Q

What test can be performed to determine lancefield group

A

Latex agglutination test

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12
Q

what lancefield group is this streptococci

A

B- clumping

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13
Q

What is the function of the polysaccharide capsule

A

Inhibits phagocytosis
Produced smooth/mucoid appearance of capsules

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14
Q

What are the functions of peptidoglycan and LTA

A

Potent pyrogens
Induce cytokine secretion
LTA is an adhesin

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15
Q

What is the function of fimbrial M protein

A

Adhesin
Inhibits complement
Antiphagocytic
Associated with post-streptococcal immune response

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16
Q

What are the function of hemolysins and what ones are found in streptococci

A

Destroy RBC’s, responsible for B-hemolysis

Streptolysins O and S

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17
Q

What are the function of DNases

A

Degrades DNA, liquifies pus to facilitate spread, evade immune responses

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18
Q

What are the function of hyaluronidases

A

Break down hyaluronic acid in ECM and facilities spread

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19
Q

What is the function of streptokinase/ Fibrinolysis

A

Dissolves blood clots and facilitates spread

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20
Q

What do streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (Spe) do and what are the relevant types

A

SpeA and SpeC are superantigens that result in non-specific activation of T cells—> cytokine storm—> toxemia

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21
Q

Severe mastitis is often due to gram ___bacteria

A

Negative—> endotoxemia

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22
Q

What streptococcal species is responsible for contagious bovine mastitis

A

S. Agalactiae

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23
Q

S. Agalactiae causes what type of hemolysis

A

Beta

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24
Q

Is S. Agalactiae CAMP negative or positive

A

Positive

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25
Q

Which organism is an intermediate pathogen in bovine mastitis

A

S. Dysgalactiae

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26
Q

What hemolytic pattern does S. Dysgalactiae cause

A

Alpha

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27
Q

Is S. Dysgalactiae CAMP positive or negative

A

Negative

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28
Q

What streptococcal organism causes environmental mastitis

A

S. Uberis

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29
Q

What hemolytic pattern does S. Uberis have

A

Alpha

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30
Q

Is S. Uberis CAMP negative or positive

A

Negative

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31
Q

How does the CAMP test work for S. Agalactiae

A

CAMP factor produced by S. Agalactiae which enhances the hemolysin activity of staphylococcus aureus and produces an arrowhead shaped hemolysis

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32
Q

What are the 3 mediums on the tri-plate and what do they test for

A
  1. MacConkey-gram negative
  2. Factor- gram positive
  3. MTKT- streptococcus
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33
Q

What is strangles

A

Equine distemper in horses causes by S. Equi resulting in infection of upper respiratory tract

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34
Q

What are some signs of strangles

A

Purulent oculonasal discharge, painful abscesses in regional LN

35
Q

Strangles causes abscesses in regional LN which can result in what 3 signs

A
  1. Difficulty swallowing
  2. Extended head and neck
  3. Difficulty breathing
36
Q

Abscess rupture in strangles leads to ___

A
  1. Purulent exudate
  2. Guttural pouch emphysema
  3. Chondroids
37
Q

How is streptococcus equi transmitted

A

Nasal secretions or purulent discharge from abscess via direct or indirect

38
Q

What is the incubation period for S. Equi

A

3 days to 2 weeks but horses can remain infectious for several weeks and become chronic carriers

39
Q

What is the pathogensis of S. Equi

A
  1. Entry of pathogen
  2. Attach to crypts of lingual and palatile tonsils (adhesins and capsules)
  3. mandibular an suprapharyngeal LN
  4. Failure of neutrophils to kill (SeM protein, hyaluronic acid)
  5. Streptolysin and streptokinases- abscess
  6. Spread to other organs
  7. Bastard strangles
40
Q

What is purpura hemorrhagica

A

Complication of S. Equi following infection or vaccination. Immune response against bacterial M protein

41
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is Purpura hemorrhagica

A

Type III—> immune complex deposition in vessel walls

42
Q

What are some clinical signs of purpura hemorrhagic

A

Edema, vasculitis, mucosal hemorrhages

43
Q

Vasculitis that occurs in purpura hemorrhagica is mainly due to release of damaging enzymes by what cell type

A

Neutrophils—> can’t phagocytize so release lyric enzymes—> tissue damage

44
Q

How do you diagnose S. Equi

A
  1. Culture- gram positive streptococci and B-hemolysis
  2. PCR- detection of species specific M protein (SeM)
45
Q

What do you expect to see on culture of S. Equi

A

Gram positive streptococci and Beta-hemolysis

46
Q

What test can you do to differentiate between S.equi spp and other streptococcal species

A

PCR detection of SeM protein

47
Q

What is treatment for S. Equi

A
  1. Supportive care
  2. Anti-inflammatory medications
  3. Antibiotics contraindicated but if needed use penicillin
48
Q

Why are antibiotics contraindicated in tx of S. Equi

A

Hard to penetrate abscess and slow resolution of disease and can risk spread to other LN

49
Q

How do you manage S. Equi

A
  1. Quarantine
  2. Disinfect
  3. Vaccines
50
Q

What organism can cause hemorrhagic pneumonia

A

S. Equi zooepidemicus

51
Q

The initial signs of S. Equi zooepidemicus are similar to __

A

Kennel cough

52
Q

The rapid onset of deterioration from S. Equi zooepidemicus is due to what

A

Cytokine storm—> pro inflammatory cytokines released

53
Q

S. Equi zooepidemicus is associated with what type of settings

A

Kennel

54
Q

How does S. Equi zooepidemicus spread

A

Direct contact

55
Q

T or F: S. Equi zooepidemicus is zoonotic

A

True, but rare

56
Q

What is pathogensis of S. Equi zooepidemicus

A
  1. Adherence
  2. Capsule- antiphagocytic
  3. SzM protein- antiphagocytic, inhibits complement
  4. Secrete toxin enzymes
  5. Superantigens—> MHCII and T cell binding—> cytokine storm
57
Q

What type of T cell is secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines

A

Helper T cells

58
Q

How do you diagnose S. Equi zooepidemicus

A
  1. Culture- gram positive streptococci, Beta-hemolysis, histopathology
  2. PCR detection of SodA
59
Q

What do you expect to see on culture of S. Equi zooepidemicus

A

Gram positive streptococci, beta-hemolysis

60
Q

What is the treatment for S. Equi zooepidemicus

A

Antibiotics- B-lactams

61
Q

What organism causes fading puppy syndrome, secondary pneumonia and neonatal septicemia

A

Streptococcus canis

62
Q

How do you dx Streptococcus canis

A
  1. Culture- gram positive streptococci, beta-hemolysis
63
Q

What do you expect to see on culture of S. Canis

A

Gram positive streptococci and B-hemolysis

64
Q

What is tx for S. Canis

A

If infectious- antibiotics- B-lactams

65
Q

Which organism can cause meningitis in pigs

A

Streptococcus suis

66
Q

S. Suis most often occurs in what pigs

A

Young post weaned pigs

67
Q

What are the earliest clinical signs of S. Suis

A

Fever accompanied by septicemia

68
Q

What are the clinical signs of meningitis caused by S. Suis in pigs

A

Ears back, eyes squinting, unusual stances, convulsions, other neurological signs

69
Q

What lesions are associated with S. Suis

A

Lymphadenopathy, meningitis, arthritis, endocarditis

70
Q

How is S. Suis transmitted

A

Healthy carrier sows and their offspring because S. Suis is prevalent in oral cavity and vaginal canal

71
Q

What stereotype of S. Suis is most virulent and most frequently isolated from diseased pigs

A

Stereotype 2

72
Q

How do you identify the serotypes of S. Suis

A

Capsule polysaccharides

73
Q

What is the pathogensis of S. Suis

A
  1. Enter upper respiratory tract
  2. Adhesins
  3. Proteins that allow immune evasion
    - S. Suis adenosine synthase- inhibits PMN activity
    - IgG degrading enzymes
    - Factor H-binding surface protein: inhibits phagocytosis
74
Q

What proteins in S.suis allow immune evasion and what do they do

A
  1. S. Suis adenosine synthase (Ssads): inhibit PMN activity—> inhibit neutrophils
  2. IgG degrading enzymes
  3. Factor H binding surface proteins: inhibits phagocytosis
75
Q

How does S. Suis spread to other tissues

A

Hematogenous

76
Q

How do you diagnose S. Suis

A
  1. Gram positive streptococci
  2. Alpha hemolysis on blood agar
  3. Histopathology
77
Q

What do you expect to see on culture of S. Suis

A

Gram positive streptococci and alpha- hemolysis

78
Q

What is tx for S. Suis

A

Antibiotics for meningitis: B-lactams

79
Q

T or F: S. Suis is zoonotic

A

True

80
Q

What is answer in photo

A

E. S. Agalactiae

81
Q

what is answer in photo

A

A. S. Uberis

82
Q

what is. Answer in photo

A

C. Catalase negative, alpha hemolytic

83
Q

What is answer in photo

A

D. Hemorrhagic pneumonia

84
Q

What is answer in photo

A

A. Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A

Microbiology (31 decks)

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