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Microbiology > Lecture 32 and 33: Bartonella and Rickettsiales > Flashcards

Lecture 32 and 33: Bartonella and Rickettsiales Flashcards

1
Q

Bartonella are gram ___facultative ___bacteria

A

Negative, intracellular

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2
Q

Bartonella infect ___ cells and ___

A

Endothelial, erythrocytes

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3
Q

Bartonella is transmitted via

A

Blood feeding arthropods

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4
Q

Bartonella cause __ in healthy reservoirs host and clinical disease in ___

A

Asymptomatic bacteremia, accidental hosts

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5
Q

What lesion is very common in all Bartonella spp

A

Endocarditis

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6
Q

What kind of agar does Bartonella grow on

A

Enriched media- blood, chocolate

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7
Q

What causes cat scratch disease

A

Bartonella henselae- microbe gets in scratch via flea feces on cats claws

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8
Q

What stain can identify Bartonella in tissue samples

A

Warthin starry stain

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9
Q

What medias are best to culture Bartonella on

A
  1. Enrichment culture: Bartonella/alpha-proteobacteria growth media
  2. Blood enriched agar
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10
Q

How do you dx Bartonella

A

PCR

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11
Q

What is tx for Bartonella

A

Doxycycline, azithromycin, enrofloxacin

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12
Q

Rickettsiales are obligate ___bacteria of vertebrates, arthropods

A

Intracellular

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13
Q

What is the main reservoir host for Rickettsiales

A

Ticks

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14
Q

R. Rickettsi targets what cells

A

Vascular endothelium

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15
Q

Rickettsia are gram __

A

Negative

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16
Q

How does rickettsia get into cell, then what happens

A

Phagocytosis, then escape phagosome and grow in cytoplasm and/or nucelus

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17
Q

Ricketssia invade and grow in ____ causing ___

A

Endothelial cells of small blood vessels causing necrotizing vasculitis

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18
Q

What does R.Ricketssi cause

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

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19
Q

Who does RMSF mostly affect

A

Dogs

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20
Q

What are the mammalian reservoirs for RMSF

A

Wild rodents and other small mammals

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21
Q

What are the vectors for RMSF

A

Ticks- American dog tick, Rocky Mtn. Wood stick, brown dog tick (most important in AZ)

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22
Q

What are some signs associated with RMSF in dogs

A

Neurological signs, petechiated/ ecchymotic MM, maculopapular skin rash, aural necrosis in severely affected dogs

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23
Q

Dog preempts with the following lesions also is febrile, ataxia. What is likely cause

A

R. Rickettsii causing RMSF

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24
Q

How do you dx R. Rickettsii

A

IFA, ELISA, PCR, IHC

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25
Q

What is tx for R. Rickettsii

A

Doxycycline or tetracycline

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26
Q

T or F: you should wait for lab results before treating R. Ricketssi

A

False

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27
Q

Anaplasmataceae infect cells of __ origin, most species grow in ___

A

Hematopoietic origin, leukocytes

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28
Q

Anaplasma species grown in leukocytes and multiply within membrane bound structures called ___

A

Morulae

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29
Q

Anaplasma is transmitted by __

A

Ticks

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30
Q

Who/what is affected by A. Marginale

A

Infects RBC’s of ruminants

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31
Q

Who/what is affected by A. Platys

A

Infects platelets of dogs

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32
Q

Who/what is affected by A. Phagocytophilum

A

Infects granulocytes of many mammals

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33
Q

What is the most prevalent tick borne disease of cattle

A

Bovine anaplasmosis

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34
Q

How is the severity of disease different for cattle of less than 6 months, 6 months-3yrs and >3yrs infected with A. Marginale

A

<6 months: subclinical
6 months-3yrs: serious illness possible
>3yrs: 30-50% mortality

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35
Q

What are the 3 possible transmission routes for A. Marginale

A
  1. Dermacentor ticks (Rocky Mtn wood tick)
  2. Blood feeding flies
  3. Contaminated needles, ear tagging tools
36
Q

What are some signs of bovine anaplasmosis

A

Fever, anemia, icterus, abortion

37
Q

T or F: cattle infected with bovine anaplasmosis enter carrier state

38
Q

How do you dx A. Marignlae in cows

A

Inclusion bodies/ morulae in RBC’s, ELISA, PCR

39
Q

What is tx for A. Marginale

A

Tetracyclines or imidocarb

40
Q

What is main reservoir for A. Platys

41
Q

What is main vector for A. Platys

A

Brown dog tick

42
Q

What does A. Platys cause in dogs

A

infectious canine cyclic thrombocytopenia

43
Q

What are some signs for dogs infected with A. Platys

A

Fever, lethargy, anorexia, petechiae, epistaxis, uveitis, lymphadenopathy

44
Q

How can you dx A. Platys

A

ID morulae in platelets, ELISA, PCR

45
Q

What is tx for A. Platys

A

Doxycycline

46
Q

What is the main reservoir for A. Phagocytophilum

A

Wild rodents

47
Q

What is main vector for A. Phagocytophilum

A

Black legend ticks- ixodes

48
Q

What does A. Phagocytophilum cause in dogs

A

Canine granulocytic anaplasmosis

49
Q

What are some signs of canine granulocytic anaplasmosis

A

Fever, lethargy, anorexia, lameness, polyarthritis

50
Q

What does A. Phagocytophilum cause in horses

A

Equine granulocytic anaplasmosis

51
Q

Equine granulocytic anaplasmosis is more severe in what horses

52
Q

What are some signs of equine granulocytic anaplasmosis

A

Fever, lethargy, anorexia, ataxia, limb edema, petechiae, icterus, reluctance to move

53
Q

What does A. Phagocytophilum cause in ruminants

A

Tick born fever

54
Q

How do you dx A. Phagocytophilum

A

ID morulae in neutrophils, ELISA, IFA, PCR

55
Q

What is tx for A. Phagocytophilum

A

Tetracyclines- doxycycline

56
Q

What is the cause of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis

57
Q

What is the reservoir host for E. Canis

58
Q

What is main vector for e. Canis

A

Brown dog tick

59
Q

What causes canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis

A

E. Ewingii

60
Q

What is reservoir host for E. Ewingii

A

White tailed deer, dogs, coyotes

61
Q

What is the main vector for E. Ewingii

A

lone star tick

62
Q

What is the reservoir host for E. Chaffeensis

A

White tailed deer

63
Q

What is vector for E. Chaffeensis

A

Lone star tick

64
Q

E. Canis has tropism for __ and ___

A

monocytes and macrophages

65
Q

Most dogs recover from acute canine monocytic ehrlichiosis but chronic forms can be ___

66
Q

What breed is predisposed to chronic canine monocytic ehrlichiosis

67
Q

E. Ewingii has tropism for ___

A

Granulocytes

68
Q

What signs are seen with infection with E. Ewingii

A

Lameness, stiff gait, other musculoskeletal signs

69
Q

E. Chaffeensis primarily infects what cells

70
Q

How do you dx Ehrlichia

A
  1. Morula in stained leukocytes
  2. Thrombocytopenia
  3. ELISA (not for E. Chaffeensis)
  4. IFA
  5. PCR
71
Q

What is tx for Ehrlichia

A

Tetracycline- doxy

72
Q

Neorickettsia are obligate intracellular symbionts of ___

73
Q

N. Helminotheca causes ___ in dogs

A

Salmon poisoning disease

74
Q

What does N. Risticci cause in horses

A

Potomac horse fever

75
Q

What is the reservoir/ vector for N. Helminthoeca

76
Q

How do dogs become infected with N. Helminthoeca

A

Adult fluke infects SI of fish, larvae of fluke encysts in fish, dog eats fish

77
Q

N. Helminthoeca primarily infects what cells

A

Monocytes and macrophages

78
Q

___% of untreated dogs infected with N. Helminthoeca die within 6-10 days of onset of clinical signs

79
Q

How do you dx N. Helminthoeca

A
  1. Fluke eggs in feces
  2. Morulae in macrophages and monocytes
  3. IFA, PCR
80
Q

What is tx for N. Helminthoeca

A

Parental doxycycline or oxytetracycline

81
Q

What is the reservoir/vector for N. Risticii

82
Q

How do horses become infected with N. Risticii

A

Adult flukes infect bats, larva flukes encyst in mayflies and caddies flies, horse eats those flies

83
Q

N. Risticii has tropism for what cells

A

Monocytes and intestinal macrophages, mast cells and enterocytes

84
Q

What are some signs of Potomac horse fever

A

Fever, anorexia, depression, diarrhea, colic, laminitis, abortion

85
Q

Potomac horse fever has a case fatality rate of __-___%for untreated horses

86
Q

How can you dx Potomac horse fever

87
Q

What is tx for Potomac horse fever

A

Parenteral oxytetracycline

Microbiology (31 decks)

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