Lecture 32 and 33: Bartonella and Rickettsiales Flashcards
Bartonella are gram ___facultative ___bacteria
Negative, intracellular
Bartonella infect ___ cells and ___
Endothelial, erythrocytes
Bartonella is transmitted via
Blood feeding arthropods
Bartonella cause __ in healthy reservoirs host and clinical disease in ___
Asymptomatic bacteremia, accidental hosts
What lesion is very common in all Bartonella spp
Endocarditis
What kind of agar does Bartonella grow on
Enriched media- blood, chocolate
What causes cat scratch disease
Bartonella henselae- microbe gets in scratch via flea feces on cats claws
What stain can identify Bartonella in tissue samples
Warthin starry stain
What medias are best to culture Bartonella on
- Enrichment culture: Bartonella/alpha-proteobacteria growth media
- Blood enriched agar
How do you dx Bartonella
PCR
What is tx for Bartonella
Doxycycline, azithromycin, enrofloxacin
Rickettsiales are obligate ___bacteria of vertebrates, arthropods
Intracellular
What is the main reservoir host for Rickettsiales
Ticks
R. Rickettsi targets what cells
Vascular endothelium
Rickettsia are gram __
Negative
How does rickettsia get into cell, then what happens
Phagocytosis, then escape phagosome and grow in cytoplasm and/or nucelus
Ricketssia invade and grow in ____ causing ___
Endothelial cells of small blood vessels causing necrotizing vasculitis
What does R.Ricketssi cause
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Who does RMSF mostly affect
Dogs
What are the mammalian reservoirs for RMSF
Wild rodents and other small mammals
What are the vectors for RMSF
Ticks- American dog tick, Rocky Mtn. Wood stick, brown dog tick (most important in AZ)
What are some signs associated with RMSF in dogs
Neurological signs, petechiated/ ecchymotic MM, maculopapular skin rash, aural necrosis in severely affected dogs
Dog preempts with the following lesions also is febrile, ataxia. What is likely cause
R. Rickettsii causing RMSF
How do you dx R. Rickettsii
IFA, ELISA, PCR, IHC
What is tx for R. Rickettsii
Doxycycline or tetracycline
T or F: you should wait for lab results before treating R. Ricketssi
False
Anaplasmataceae infect cells of __ origin, most species grow in ___
Hematopoietic origin, leukocytes
Anaplasma species grown in leukocytes and multiply within membrane bound structures called ___
Morulae
Anaplasma is transmitted by __
Ticks
Who/what is affected by A. Marginale
Infects RBC’s of ruminants
Who/what is affected by A. Platys
Infects platelets of dogs
Who/what is affected by A. Phagocytophilum
Infects granulocytes of many mammals
What is the most prevalent tick borne disease of cattle
Bovine anaplasmosis
How is the severity of disease different for cattle of less than 6 months, 6 months-3yrs and >3yrs infected with A. Marginale
<6 months: subclinical
6 months-3yrs: serious illness possible
>3yrs: 30-50% mortality
What are the 3 possible transmission routes for A. Marginale
- Dermacentor ticks (Rocky Mtn wood tick)
- Blood feeding flies
- Contaminated needles, ear tagging tools
What are some signs of bovine anaplasmosis
Fever, anemia, icterus, abortion
T or F: cattle infected with bovine anaplasmosis enter carrier state
True
How do you dx A. Marignlae in cows
Inclusion bodies/ morulae in RBC’s, ELISA, PCR
What is tx for A. Marginale
Tetracyclines or imidocarb
What is main reservoir for A. Platys
Dogs
What is main vector for A. Platys
Brown dog tick
What does A. Platys cause in dogs
infectious canine cyclic thrombocytopenia
What are some signs for dogs infected with A. Platys
Fever, lethargy, anorexia, petechiae, epistaxis, uveitis, lymphadenopathy
How can you dx A. Platys
ID morulae in platelets, ELISA, PCR
What is tx for A. Platys
Doxycycline
What is the main reservoir for A. Phagocytophilum
Wild rodents
What is main vector for A. Phagocytophilum
Black legend ticks- ixodes
What does A. Phagocytophilum cause in dogs
Canine granulocytic anaplasmosis
What are some signs of canine granulocytic anaplasmosis
Fever, lethargy, anorexia, lameness, polyarthritis
What does A. Phagocytophilum cause in horses
Equine granulocytic anaplasmosis
Equine granulocytic anaplasmosis is more severe in what horses
Adults
What are some signs of equine granulocytic anaplasmosis
Fever, lethargy, anorexia, ataxia, limb edema, petechiae, icterus, reluctance to move
What does A. Phagocytophilum cause in ruminants
Tick born fever
How do you dx A. Phagocytophilum
ID morulae in neutrophils, ELISA, IFA, PCR
What is tx for A. Phagocytophilum
Tetracyclines- doxycycline
What is the cause of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis
E. Canis
What is the reservoir host for E. Canis
Dogs
What is main vector for e. Canis
Brown dog tick
What causes canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis
E. Ewingii
What is reservoir host for E. Ewingii
White tailed deer, dogs, coyotes
What is the main vector for E. Ewingii
lone star tick
What is the reservoir host for E. Chaffeensis
White tailed deer
What is vector for E. Chaffeensis
Lone star tick
E. Canis has tropism for __ and ___
monocytes and macrophages
Most dogs recover from acute canine monocytic ehrlichiosis but chronic forms can be ___
Fatal
What breed is predisposed to chronic canine monocytic ehrlichiosis
GSD
E. Ewingii has tropism for ___
Granulocytes
What signs are seen with infection with E. Ewingii
Lameness, stiff gait, other musculoskeletal signs
E. Chaffeensis primarily infects what cells
Monocytes
How do you dx Ehrlichia
- Morula in stained leukocytes
- Thrombocytopenia
- ELISA (not for E. Chaffeensis)
- IFA
- PCR
What is tx for Ehrlichia
Tetracycline- doxy
Neorickettsia are obligate intracellular symbionts of ___
Flukes
N. Helminotheca causes ___ in dogs
Salmon poisoning disease
What does N. Risticci cause in horses
Potomac horse fever
What is the reservoir/ vector for N. Helminthoeca
Flukes
How do dogs become infected with N. Helminthoeca
Adult fluke infects SI of fish, larvae of fluke encysts in fish, dog eats fish
N. Helminthoeca primarily infects what cells
Monocytes and macrophages
___% of untreated dogs infected with N. Helminthoeca die within 6-10 days of onset of clinical signs
90%
How do you dx N. Helminthoeca
- Fluke eggs in feces
- Morulae in macrophages and monocytes
- IFA, PCR
What is tx for N. Helminthoeca
Parental doxycycline or oxytetracycline
What is the reservoir/vector for N. Risticii
Fluke
How do horses become infected with N. Risticii
Adult flukes infect bats, larva flukes encyst in mayflies and caddies flies, horse eats those flies
N. Risticii has tropism for what cells
Monocytes and intestinal macrophages, mast cells and enterocytes
What are some signs of Potomac horse fever
Fever, anorexia, depression, diarrhea, colic, laminitis, abortion
Potomac horse fever has a case fatality rate of __-___%for untreated horses
5-30%
How can you dx Potomac horse fever
IFA, PCR
What is tx for Potomac horse fever
Parenteral oxytetracycline