Lecture 22: Salmonella- GI Infections and Disease Flashcards
Enterobacteria are gram___, facultative ___
Negative, anaerobes
What are the major enterobacteria pathogens
- Salmonella
- E. Coli
- Yersinia
Salmonella is located in the __ of mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians
GI tract
What is primary route of transmission for salmonella
Fecal-oral
Who does S. Typhimurium infect
Many mammals and birds (broad host range)
Who does S. Choleraesuis infect
Swine (narrow host range)
Salmonellae are facultative __pathogens
Intracellular
Salmonellae are able to survive in stomach via ___
Gastric acid barrier
What is the pathogenesis for Salmonellae intestinal infection
- Multiply in and traverse epithelial cells
- Survive and multiply in macrophages
- Systemic spread via infected macrophages via lymph and blood
What is the main host cell for salmonellae
Macrophages
What is the most common type of salmonella infection
Carrier state- subclinical
What are some factors that affect salmonella clinical outcome
- Infective dose size
- Virulence of strain
- Host susceptibility
What are the two major forms of salmonellosis
- Enteritis
- Systemic septicemia
Systemic infection with salmonella can lead to what
Abortion, arthritis, respiratory disease, meningitis, necrosis of extremities
What Salmonella species is highly adapted to cattle
S. Dublin
What does S. Dublin cause in all ages of cows
Enterocolitis with diarrhea, fever, septicemia, depression, anorexia
What can S. Dublin cause in calves
Pneumonia, meningitis, arthritis, osteomyelitis, terminal dry gangrene
What can S. Dublin cause in adult cows
Abortion, decreased milk
What does S. Typhimurium cause in calves
Enterocolitis with diarrhea in calves
What Salmonella species is highly adapted to pigs
S. Choleraesuis
What does S. Choleraesuis cause in pigs
Septicemic disease with hepatitis, pneumonia, cerebral vasculitis
What ages are susceptible to S. Choleraesuis
All ages, but weaned and growing-finishing pigs most vulnerable
What does S. Typhimurium cause in pigs
Mild to moderate diarrhea
What salmonella species infects horses, but is not adapted to just horses
S. Typhimurium
What does S. Typhimurium cause in horses
Ranges from mild, self limiting diarrhea to severe necrotizing Enterocolitis
What salmonella species typically affects sheep
S. Abortusovis
What does S. Abortusovis cause in sheep
Abortion, stillbirth, neonatal death
What salmonella stereotypes cause reproductive losses in ewes and Enterocolitis and septicemia in adults and lambs s
- S. Typhimurium
- S. Dublin
T or F: salmonellosis is common in dogs and cats
False
What does salmonellosis cause in dogs and cats
Acute enteritis with fever, malaise, anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pan, diarrhea
How do dogs and cats typically get salmonella
Contaminated raw meats, commercial diets, treats
What salmonella species typically infect chicken and turkeys
- S. Pullorum
- S gallinarum
What special transmission is observed with S. Pullorum and S. Gallinarum
Transovarian
What does S. Pullorum cause and in who
Pullorum disease in birds <4 weeks old- white diarrhea, anorexia, depression, labored breathing
What does S. Gallinarum cause and in who
Fowl typhoid in growing/adult birds- anorexia, depression, dehydration, loss of condition, diarrhea, septicemia with sudden death
What salmonella species is associated with egg associated disease in humans, therefore zoonotic risk
S. Typhimurium
What salmonella species typically affects reptiles
S. Typhimurium
What are some signs of S. Typhimurium in reptiles
Enteritis, dermatitis, pneumonia hepatitis, osteomyelitis, anorexia, weight loss, lethargy
How do you dx salmonella
Biochemical tests, PCR, stereotyping, maldi-tof
What test can be done to serotype salmonella
Slide agglutination test
How do you tx septicemic forms of salmonella
IV antimicrobial and supportive care (fluids and electrolytes)
How do you tx enteric forms of salmonella
Oral antimicrobial and supportive care (fluids and electrolytes)
How do you prevent salmonella
- Quarantine new animals
- Ensure food, water and environment are uncontaminated
How do you limit spread of salmonella
- Isolate and treat or cull infected
- Good hygiene
- Dispose contaminated carcasses, bedding
A salmonella vaccine is available for what species
Cattle, swine, sheep, and poultry
