Lecture 23: E.coli- GI infections and disease Flashcards
E. Coli is a gram ___, facultative ___
Negative, anaerobe
E. Coli is found in the ___of mammals
Gut microbiome
Mutualist strains of E. Coli provide mammals with ___ and ___, and help exclude ___from gut
Vitamin K and B12, excluded pathogenic bacteria
What is the main route of transmission for E. Coli
Fecal-oral
E. Coli survives and grows in __ and __
Soil and water
Pathogenic E. Coli are categorized into __ which are based on what 3 things
Pathotypes
1. Virulence factors
2. Disease conditions
3. Host taxa affected
Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) E. Coli primarily affects who
Newborn calves, lambs and piglets
Enteropathogenic E. Coli primarily agents who
Many mammals
Shiga toxin productions (STEC) E. Coli primarily affects who
Weaned pigs
Enterohemmorhagic E. Coli primarily affects who
Young calves
Avian pathogenic E. Coli affects who
Poultry and other galliform birds
Septicemic E. Coli primarily affects who
Calves and lambs
Uropathogenic E. Coli primarily affects who
Cats and dogs
What do enterotoxins cause
Enterocyte hypersecretion, malabsorption
What do shiga toxins cause
Damage to enterocytes and endothelial cells
What do endotoxins cause
Pyrogenic, damage endothelium, activated coagulation cascade
Young farm animals are predisposed to E.coli infection and disease due to what 4 factors
- Overcrowding and poor hygiene
- Normal microbiota not established
- Insufficient colostral immunity
- Stress
Where in body does enterotoxigenic E. Coli reside
Jejunum and ileum
What does enterotoxigenic E. Coli cause
Diarrhea, dehydration, acidosis, weakness, decrease suckling, potentially fatal
Where does enteropathogenic E. Coli reside
Ileum and colon
What does enteropathogenic E. Coli cause
Maldigestion, malabsorption and diarrhea
What E. Coli strains cause post-weaning diarrhea in pigs
Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)
What are some clinical signs in mild post weaning diarrhea in pigs
Reduced feed intake, watery diarrhea
What are some clinical signs in severe cases of post weaning diarrhea
Profuse watery diarrhea, bluish-red skin, sudden death
What strain of E. Coli causes edema disease in pigs
Shiga toxin producing strains
What does the shiga toxin producing strains do
- Produce shiga toxin (ST2e)
- Enter bloodstream and damage endothelial cells
- Perivascular edema
What are some signs of pigs infected with shiga-toxin producing strains of E. Coli
Periocular edema, swelling of forehead and submandibular regions, dyspnea, hoarse squeal, anorexia, muscle tremors, ataxia, posterior paresis
Where does the septicemic form of E. Coli like to colonize
Colonize and cross mucosa in nasal, or pharyngeal and intestinal or invade via infected naval
When does the septicemic form of E. Coli tend to affect calves
2-5 days old
What are some signs of the peracute septicemic form of E. Coli
Sudden death, non clinical signs
What are some signs of acute septicemic form of E. Coli
Depression, weakness, lack of suckling, death within 24-48hrs
What symptoms are seen with prolonged course of septicemic form of E. Coli
Enteritis, diarrhea, respiratory disease, meningitis, poly arthritis, ophthalmitis
Bacteria from septicemic form of E. Coli is excreted in the __, ___ and ___
Feces, urine, and oral/nasal secretions
Where does the avian pathogenic form of E. Coli colonize and breach
Respiratory mucosa via inhalation of aerosolized dried feces
What signs are associates with the acute avian pathogenic E. Coli and who does it affected
primarily birds <1 month old, no clinical signs and few postmortem lesions
Birds that survive avian pathogenic E. Coli often have what adverse effects
Fibrinopurulent lesions of internal organs, serosae joints, decreased production and increased mortality
What are some signs of cystitis
Dysuria, pollakiuria, stranguira, abdominal pain, hematuria, pyuria, proteinuira
Persistent/ relapsing infections of cystitis are able to occur due to their ability to ___
Survive inside epithelial cells
What are some signs of pyelonephritis
Frequent blood, pus, necrotic tissue, fever, depression, anorexia, vomiting, PU/PD
What are some signs of pyometra
Vaginal discharge, PU/PD, inappetence, lethargy, potentially fatal
What are some signs of chronic canine prostatitis
Subclinical, recurrent UTI, penile discharge, irregular contour of gland, constipation, infertility
What are some signs of acute canine prostatitis
Dysuria, lethargy, fever, painful and soft, vomiting, constipation, stiff rear limb gait, abdominal pain, septicemia
How are cows contaminated with Coliform mastitis
Fecal contamination of skin of mammary gland
What are some signs of severe peracute coliform mastitis
Fever, anorexia, rumen stasis, tachycardia, depression, recumbent, death within 24-48hrs, hard or swollen quarter, yellow serous secretions with flakes
What are some signs of moderate coliform mastitis
Slightly swollen quarter, producing water to serous secretions with flakes
What is best treatment option for moderate coliform mastitis
Nothing- spontaneous cure
How are bacteria able to infect cows with chronic coliform mastitis
Facultative intracellular strains that live in mammary epithelial cells
What is the treatment for enteric E. Coli disease
Oral antimicrobials, fluid and electrolytes
What is treatment for edema disease
Often ineffective but can give antimicrobials in water of unaffected pigs
What is tx for colisepticemia in mammals
IV antimicrobials, fluids and electrolytes, NSAIDS, glucose for hypoglycemia
What can you give calves with colisepticemia to tx hypogammaglobulinemia
IV bovine gammaglobulin
What is tx for cystitis
Oral antimicrobials
What is tx for pyelonephritis
Oral antimicrobials
What is tx for pyometra
IV antimicrobials, OVH, and oral antimicrobials post sx
If you have a reproductively value dam that has pyometra and you don’t want to spay what is the tx
Antimicrobials and prostaglandins (or progesterone antagonists)
What is the tx for chronic prostatitis
Tx prostatic hyperplasia and oral antimicrobials
What is tx for acute prostatitis
Oral/IV antimicrobials and fluids
What is tx for severe/ peracute coliform mastitis
Systemic fluids, electrolytes, anti-inflammatories and antimicrobials
How do you prevent E. Coli
- Hygiene
- Reduce stress
- Feed colostrum
- Manage dietary changes
What diet is good for edema disease in pigs
High fiber, low protein diets
What feed supplement can be given to pigs with post-weaning diarrhea
Zinc oxide
E. Coli vaccines are available to tx what infections
- Enteric
- Edema disease
- Post-weaning diarrhea
- E. Coli mastitis
