Lecture 23: E.coli- GI infections and disease

Question 1

E. Coli is a gram ___, facultative ___

Answer 1

Negative, anaerobe

Question 2

E. Coli is found in the ___of mammals

Answer 2

Gut microbiome

Question 3

Mutualist strains of E. Coli provide mammals with ___ and ___, and help exclude ___from gut

Answer 3

Vitamin K and B12, excluded pathogenic bacteria

Question 4

What is the main route of transmission for E. Coli

Answer 4

Fecal-oral

Question 5

E. Coli survives and grows in __ and __

Answer 5

Soil and water

Question 6

Pathogenic E. Coli are categorized into __ which are based on what 3 things

Answer 6

Pathotypes
1. Virulence factors
2. Disease conditions
3. Host taxa affected

Question 7

Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) E. Coli primarily affects who

Answer 7

Newborn calves, lambs and piglets

Question 8

Enteropathogenic E. Coli primarily agents who

Answer 8

Many mammals

Question 9

Shiga toxin productions (STEC) E. Coli primarily affects who

Answer 9

Weaned pigs

Question 10

Enterohemmorhagic E. Coli primarily affects who

Answer 10

Young calves

Question 11

Avian pathogenic E. Coli affects who

Answer 11

Poultry and other galliform birds

Question 12

Septicemic E. Coli primarily affects who

Answer 12

Calves and lambs

Question 13

Uropathogenic E. Coli primarily affects who

Answer 13

Cats and dogs

Question 14

What do enterotoxins cause

Answer 14

Enterocyte hypersecretion, malabsorption

Question 15

What do shiga toxins cause

Answer 15

Damage to enterocytes and endothelial cells

Question 16

What do endotoxins cause

Answer 16

Pyrogenic, damage endothelium, activated coagulation cascade

Question 17

Young farm animals are predisposed to E.coli infection and disease due to what 4 factors

Answer 17

1. Overcrowding and poor hygiene
2. Normal microbiota not established
3. Insufficient colostral immunity
4. Stress

Question 18

Where in body does enterotoxigenic E. Coli reside

Answer 18

Jejunum and ileum

Question 19

What does enterotoxigenic E. Coli cause

Answer 19

Diarrhea, dehydration, acidosis, weakness, decrease suckling, potentially fatal

Question 20

Where does enteropathogenic E. Coli reside

Answer 20

Ileum and colon

Question 21

What does enteropathogenic E. Coli cause

Answer 21

Maldigestion, malabsorption and diarrhea

Question 22

What E. Coli strains cause post-weaning diarrhea in pigs

Answer 22

Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)

Question 23

What are some clinical signs in mild post weaning diarrhea in pigs

Answer 23

Reduced feed intake, watery diarrhea

Question 24

What are some clinical signs in severe cases of post weaning diarrhea

Answer 24

Profuse watery diarrhea, bluish-red skin, sudden death

Question 26

What strain of E. Coli causes edema disease in pigs

Answer 26

Shiga toxin producing strains

Question 27

What does the shiga toxin producing strains do

Answer 27

1. Produce shiga toxin (ST2e) 2. Enter bloodstream and damage endothelial cells 3. Perivascular edema

Question 28

What are some signs of pigs infected with shiga-toxin producing strains of E. Coli

Answer 28

Periocular edema, swelling of forehead and submandibular regions, dyspnea, hoarse squeal, anorexia, muscle tremors, ataxia, posterior paresis

Question 29

Where does the septicemic form of E. Coli like to colonize

Answer 29

Colonize and cross mucosa in nasal, or pharyngeal and intestinal or invade via infected naval

Question 30

When does the septicemic form of E. Coli tend to affect calves

Answer 30

2-5 days old

Question 31

What are some signs of the peracute septicemic form of E. Coli

Answer 31

Sudden death, non clinical signs

Question 32

What are some signs of acute septicemic form of E. Coli

Answer 32

Depression, weakness, lack of suckling, death within 24-48hrs

Question 33

What symptoms are seen with prolonged course of septicemic form of E. Coli

Answer 33

Enteritis, diarrhea, respiratory disease, meningitis, poly arthritis, ophthalmitis

Question 34

Bacteria from septicemic form of E. Coli is excreted in the __, ___ and ___

Answer 34

Feces, urine, and oral/nasal secretions

Question 35

Where does the avian pathogenic form of E. Coli colonize and breach

Answer 35

Respiratory mucosa via inhalation of aerosolized dried feces

Question 36

What signs are associates with the acute avian pathogenic E. Coli and who does it affected

Answer 36

primarily birds <1 month old, no clinical signs and few postmortem lesions

Question 37

Birds that survive avian pathogenic E. Coli often have what adverse effects

Answer 37

Fibrinopurulent lesions of internal organs, serosae joints, decreased production and increased mortality

Question 38

What are some signs of cystitis

Answer 38

Dysuria, pollakiuria, stranguira, abdominal pain, hematuria, pyuria, proteinuira

Question 39

Persistent/ relapsing infections of cystitis are able to occur due to their ability to ___

Answer 39

Survive inside epithelial cells

Question 40

What are some signs of pyelonephritis

Answer 40

Frequent blood, pus, necrotic tissue, fever, depression, anorexia, vomiting, PU/PD

Question 41

What are some signs of pyometra

Answer 41

Vaginal discharge, PU/PD, inappetence, lethargy, potentially fatal

Question 42

What are some signs of chronic canine prostatitis

Answer 42

Subclinical, recurrent UTI, penile discharge, irregular contour of gland, constipation, infertility

Question 43

What are some signs of acute canine prostatitis

Answer 43

Dysuria, lethargy, fever, painful and soft, vomiting, constipation, stiff rear limb gait, abdominal pain, septicemia

Question 44

How are cows contaminated with Coliform mastitis

Answer 44

Fecal contamination of skin of mammary gland

Question 45

What are some signs of severe peracute coliform mastitis

Answer 45

Fever, anorexia, rumen stasis, tachycardia, depression, recumbent, death within 24-48hrs, hard or swollen quarter, yellow serous secretions with flakes

Question 46

What are some signs of moderate coliform mastitis

Answer 46

Slightly swollen quarter, producing water to serous secretions with flakes

Question 47

What is best treatment option for moderate coliform mastitis

Answer 47

Nothing- spontaneous cure

Question 48

How are bacteria able to infect cows with chronic coliform mastitis

Answer 48

Facultative intracellular strains that live in mammary epithelial cells

Question 49

What is the treatment for enteric E. Coli disease

Answer 49

Oral antimicrobials, fluid and electrolytes

Question 50

What is treatment for edema disease

Answer 50

Often ineffective but can give antimicrobials in water of unaffected pigs

Question 51

What is tx for colisepticemia in mammals

Answer 51

IV antimicrobials, fluids and electrolytes, NSAIDS, glucose for hypoglycemia

Question 52

What can you give calves with colisepticemia to tx hypogammaglobulinemia

Answer 52

IV bovine gammaglobulin

Question 53

What is tx for cystitis

Answer 53

Oral antimicrobials

Question 54

What is tx for pyelonephritis

Answer 54

Oral antimicrobials

Question 55

What is tx for pyometra

Answer 55

IV antimicrobials, OVH, and oral antimicrobials post sx

Question 56

If you have a reproductively value dam that has pyometra and you don’t want to spay what is the tx

Answer 56

Antimicrobials and prostaglandins (or progesterone antagonists)

Question 57

What is the tx for chronic prostatitis

Answer 57

Tx prostatic hyperplasia and oral antimicrobials

Question 58

What is tx for acute prostatitis

Answer 58

Oral/IV antimicrobials and fluids

Question 59

What is tx for severe/ peracute coliform mastitis

Answer 59

Systemic fluids, electrolytes, anti-inflammatories and antimicrobials

Question 60

How do you prevent E. Coli

Answer 60

1. Hygiene 2. Reduce stress 3. Feed colostrum 4. Manage dietary changes

Question 61

What diet is good for edema disease in pigs

Answer 61

High fiber, low protein diets

Question 62

What feed supplement can be given to pigs with post-weaning diarrhea

Answer 62

Zinc oxide

Question 63

E. Coli vaccines are available to tx what infections

Answer 63

1. Enteric 2. Edema disease 3. Post-weaning diarrhea 4. E. Coli mastitis