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Lecture 27: Highly Regulated Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

What is the causative agent of contagious equine metritis

A

Taylorella equigenitalis

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2
Q

Taylorella equigenitalis are gram __ rods

A

Negative

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3
Q

Taylorella equigenitalis is catalase, oxidase, and phosphatase ___

A

Positive

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4
Q

T or F: Taylorella equigenitalis grows on MacConkey agar

A

False

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5
Q

What is pathogenesis of contagious equine metritis

A
  1. Semen and pre-ejaculatory fluids contaminated
  2. Enter uterus and replicate
  3. Induce acute endometritis
  4. Mononuclear cells, plasma cells and neutrophils migrate to uterine lumen
  5. Produces profuse mucopurulent exudate
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6
Q

What are some clinical findings with contagious equine metritis in mares

A
  1. Copious mucopurulent vaginal discharge
  2. Temporary infertility
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7
Q

Contagious equine metritis can be spread to foals aka ___transmission

A

Vertical

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8
Q

What signs do stallions show with contagious equine metritis

A

Usually asymptomatic carriers

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9
Q

How is contagious equine metritis transmitted

A
  1. Venereal most common
  2. Infected semen
  3. Contaminated instructment
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10
Q

In untreated stallions T. Equigenitalis can persist for ___ to ___

A

Months to years

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11
Q

Foals born to infected mares with T. Equigenitalis may become ___

A

Long-term asymptomatic carriers

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12
Q

What samples do you use to dx contagious equine metritis in mares

A

Swabs from vaginal discharge, clittoral fossa, sinuses, cervix

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13
Q

What samples do you use to dx contagious equine metritis in stallions

A

Swab from Urethral fossa, sinus, distal urethra, external surface of penis, prepuce, pre-ejaculatory fluid

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14
Q

When taking samples for contagious equine metritis the horses can not be on systemic antibiotics for at least ___ days or topical antibiotics for __ days

A

7 days, 21 days

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15
Q

Sample from suspected contagious equine metritis should be transported in ___medium

A

Amines

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16
Q

What is the gold standard to dx contagious equine metritis

A
  1. Chocolate agar
  2. Timoney’s medium
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17
Q

What is tx for contagious equine metritis

A
  1. Wash external genital with 2% chlorine iodine
  2. Nitrofurazone
  3. Silver sulfadiazine
    Repeat for 5 days
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18
Q

How do you prevent contagious equine metritis

A
  1. Strict import/export testing requirements
  2. Quarantine
  3. Hygienic measures
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19
Q

Where is brucellosis endemic

A

Yellowstone national park

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20
Q

Brucellosis is found in wild __ and ___

A

Bison and elk

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21
Q

Brucellosis is transmissible to __ and __ through contact with ___fetuses and infected carriers

A

Cattle and humans
Aborted fetuses

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22
Q

What is a select agent

A

Infectious agent with potential for use in bioterrorism

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23
Q

Brucellosis is a gram ___ aerobic coccobacilli

A

Negative

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24
Q

Pathogenic strains of brucellosis have __

A

LPS

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25
Q

Brucellosis is catalase, oxidase and urease ___ except B. Ovid which is oxidase and urease ___

A

Positive, negative

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26
Q

What are reservoirs for brucellosis

A

Various wild, feral and domestic animals

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27
Q

Brucellae are shed with __

A

Aborted fetuses

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28
Q

Brucellae infect mammary glands and therefore are fond in ___

A

Raw milk

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29
Q

What humans are at greatest risk for brucellosis

A
  1. Consume unpasteurized milk
  2. Direct contact with infected animals
  3. Lab or researchers
30
Q

Animals are infected with brucellosis by

A
  1. Ingestion of contaminated fetal tissues and fluids
  2. Direct contact with MM
  3. Cut in the skin
  4. Contaminated equipment or feed
  5. Transplacental
31
Q

What is pathogenesis for brucellosis

A
  1. Rapidly phagocytosed by leukocytes and macrophages
  2. Bacteria survive inside phagocytic cells
  3. Multiply in monocyte-macrophage cells
  4. Spread to reproductive organs
32
Q

What is the causative agent of bovine brucellosis

A

B. Abortus

33
Q

What does B. Abortus cause

A

Abortion, infertility, reduced milk yieldw

34
Q

What is causative agent of canine brucellosis

35
Q

What does B. Canis cause

A

Low virulence, abortions occasionally seen in kennel settings

36
Q

What is the causative agent of swine brucellosis

37
Q

What does B. Suis cause

A

Abortion, infertility, orchitis, arthritis

38
Q

What is the causative agent of brucellosis in goat and sheep

A

B. Melitensis

39
Q

What does B. Melitensis cause

A

Abortion, orchitis, arthritis

40
Q

B. Melitensis is transmitted in ___ and ___

A

Milk products, fresh cheeses

41
Q

What is the most dangerous zoonotic brucellosis spp

A

B. Melitensis

42
Q

What is the causative agent of brucellosis in sheep

43
Q

What does B. Ovis cause

44
Q

What is gold standard to dx brucellosis

A
  1. Brucella milk ring test
45
Q

What agar is used to culture brucellosis

A

Columbia agar supplemented with 5% serum

46
Q

Tested for brucellosis, what test is this and what does it indicate

A

Brucella milk ring test
Blue rings are positive

47
Q

What is tx for brucellosis

A

Infected animals can’t be cured- no tx available

48
Q

How do you prevent brucellosis

A
  1. Vaccine
  2. Hygienic measures after abortion
  3. For vets: safe handling, PPE
49
Q

What is the causative agent of Coxiellosis/ Q fever

A

Coxiella burnetii

50
Q

Coxiella burnetii is ___ to environmental stress

51
Q

Coxiella burnetii is a zoonotic pathogen that infects __, __ and __

A

Goat, sheep and cattle

52
Q

Coxiella burnetii is a obligate ___

A

Intracellular

53
Q

What are the two antigenic phases of coxiellosis

A
  1. Phase 1- virulent
  2. Phase 2- a virulent
54
Q

What are the two distinct cell types for Coxiella burnetii

A
  1. Small cell variant
  2. Large cell variant
55
Q

What is small cell variant

A

Metabolically inactive form and environmentally stable

56
Q

What is large cell variant

A

Metabolically active form

57
Q

Coxiella burnetii is highly infectious a __ bacterium can cause infection in humans

58
Q

Coxiella burnetii has an ID50 <__

59
Q

What is ID50

A

Number of organism required for infection in 50% of test subjects

60
Q

Coxiella proliferates in the ___ of infected animals and causes ___

A

Uterus and mammary glands, causing late term abortion

61
Q

How is coxiella transmitted

A

Exposure via inhalation of aerosols usually from parturient sheep, goats and cattle

62
Q

Coxiella has high numbers in __ fluid

63
Q

Coxiella can be excreted in __, ___ or ___

A

Milk, urine, feces

64
Q

What is pathogenesis of coxiella

A
  1. Multiples in acidified phagolysosomes
  2. Localizes to genital tract and mammary glands
65
Q

What is the main virulence factor for coxiella

A

Type 4 secretion system

66
Q

What are some clinical findings of coxiella in goats

A
  1. Reproductive failure
  2. Abortions and stillbirths
  3. Infertility
  4. Weak newborns
  5. Low birth weights
67
Q

What are som clinical findings of coxiella in ruminants

A
  1. Infertility
  2. Weak offspring
  3. Carrier state
68
Q

What is the most sensitive and fast way to dx coxiellosis

69
Q

What is tx for coxiellosis

A

Tetracycline prior to parturition

70
Q

How do you prevent coxiellosis

A
  1. Good husbandry
  2. Proper disposal of birth products

Microbiology (31 decks)

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