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Microbiology > Lecture 26: Yersinia, Tularemia, Glanders and Pseudoglanders > Flashcards

Lecture 26: Yersinia, Tularemia, Glanders and Pseudoglanders Flashcards

1
Q

Yersinia pestis is the causative agent of ___

A

Plague

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2
Q

Yersinia pestis is a gram ___ bacilli

A

Negative

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3
Q

Yersinia pestis is a __zoonotic agent

A

Notifiable

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4
Q

What is distribution for Yersinia pestis

A

Worldwide, endemic in southwestern U.S

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5
Q

What domestic species is Yersinia pestis most commonly seen in

A

Cats

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6
Q

What is the main reservoir for Yersinia pestis

A

Rodents

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7
Q

How is Yersinia pestis transmitted

A

Flea bites, contact with infected carcasses

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8
Q

What are the signs for bubonic form of Yersinia pestis

A

Fever, lethargy, enlarged LN

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9
Q

What are the signs for pneumonic form of Yersinia pestis

A

Respiratory signs +/- septicemia

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10
Q

What are the signs for septicemic form of Yersinia pestis

A

No lymphadenopathy, fever, lethargy

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11
Q

How do you dx Yersinia pestis

A
  1. PCR
  2. FA test on culture
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12
Q

What is tx and prevention for Yersinia pestis

A
  1. Tetracyclines (doxycycline), Aminoglycosides
  2. Flea prevention
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13
Q

Francisella tularensis is a gram __facultative __bacillus

A

Negative, intracellular

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14
Q

Francisella tularensis readily grows on what agar

A

Chocolate agar

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15
Q

Francisella tularensis is a ___zoonotic agent

A

Notifiable

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16
Q

Where is Francisella tularensis found

A
  1. Limited to northern hemisphere
  2. Mississippi/ Missouri River valley
  3. Mountain west
  4. E/W coast
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17
Q

What are the two bio types for Francisella tularensis

A
  1. Biotype A- most virulent
  2. Biotype B- less virulent
18
Q

Who is Biotype A Francisella tularensis found in

A

Rabbits and rodents

19
Q

Who is Biotype B Francisella tularensis found in

A

Aquatic animals

20
Q

How is Francisella tularensis transmitted

A

1.aerosol- moving over dead rodents
2. Direct contact
3. Ingestion
4. Ticks

21
Q

What are the signs of Francisella tularensis in sheep and other mammals

A
  1. Signs of septicemia- fever, lethargy
  2. Cough
  3. White foci if necrosis in liver and spleen
  4. Hepatic, splenic, and LN enlargement
22
Q

Spleen from cat who liked to eat rabbits what is likely cause of these lesions

A

Francisella tularensis

23
Q

How do you dx Francisella tularensis

A
  1. Exposure to wild rabbits/ rodents/ ticks
  2. Culture
  3. PCR
24
Q

If you are sending suspected Francisella tularensis samples to lab for culture what must you do

A

Notify lab because done in BSL-3

25
What is tx and prevention for Francisella tularensis
1. Tetracylines 2. Control tick and flies
26
Burkholderia is a __zoonotic agent
Notifiable
27
Who does B. Mallei typically infect
Horses
28
Where is B. Mallei endemic
Hot, humid areas
29
How is B. Mallei transmitted
Contact, inhalation, ingestion
30
Lesion on horse who lives in a hot humid area. What is likely cause
B. Mallei
31
What are the acute clinical manifestations of B. Mallei
1. Pulmonary TB like lesions with caseous/ calcified centers 2. Star shaped scars in nose
32
What are the clinical manifestations for chronic B. Mallei
1. Oronasal secretions 2. Ulcerative lymphangitis
33
How do you dx B. Mallei
1. Culture of fresh lesions 2. PCR
34
What is tx for B. Mallei in endemic areas
1. Tetracylines Not curative
35
What is tx for B. Mallei in non-endemic areas
Depopulation/ euthanasia Because treatment isn’t curative
36
Where is B. Pseudomallei distributed
Equatorial distribution
37
B. Pseudomallei is readily recovered from __ and __
Soil and surface water
38
How is B. Pseudomallei transmitted
Contained soil or water
39
What are the clinical manifestations of B. Pseudomallaei in horses
Edema Lymphangitis
40
How can you tell the difference between B. Pseudomallei and B. Mallei when dx
B. Pseudomallei won’t have calcified lesions
41
How do you dx B. Pseudomallei
PCR and culture
42
What is tx for B. Pseudomallei
Often unsuccessful so euthanasia preferred

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