Lecture 26: Yersinia, Tularemia, Glanders and Pseudoglanders Flashcards
Yersinia pestis is the causative agent of ___
Plague
Yersinia pestis is a gram ___ bacilli
Negative
Yersinia pestis is a __zoonotic agent
Notifiable
What is distribution for Yersinia pestis
Worldwide, endemic in southwestern U.S
What domestic species is Yersinia pestis most commonly seen in
Cats
What is the main reservoir for Yersinia pestis
Rodents
How is Yersinia pestis transmitted
Flea bites, contact with infected carcasses
What are the signs for bubonic form of Yersinia pestis
Fever, lethargy, enlarged LN
What are the signs for pneumonic form of Yersinia pestis
Respiratory signs +/- septicemia
What are the signs for septicemic form of Yersinia pestis
No lymphadenopathy, fever, lethargy
How do you dx Yersinia pestis
- PCR
- FA test on culture
What is tx and prevention for Yersinia pestis
- Tetracyclines (doxycycline), Aminoglycosides
- Flea prevention
Francisella tularensis is a gram __facultative __bacillus
Negative, intracellular
Francisella tularensis readily grows on what agar
Chocolate agar
Francisella tularensis is a ___zoonotic agent
Notifiable
Where is Francisella tularensis found
- Limited to northern hemisphere
- Mississippi/ Missouri River valley
- Mountain west
- E/W coast
What are the two bio types for Francisella tularensis
- Biotype A- most virulent
- Biotype B- less virulent
Who is Biotype A Francisella tularensis found in
Rabbits and rodents
Who is Biotype B Francisella tularensis found in
Aquatic animals
How is Francisella tularensis transmitted
1.aerosol- moving over dead rodents
2. Direct contact
3. Ingestion
4. Ticks
What are the signs of Francisella tularensis in sheep and other mammals
- Signs of septicemia- fever, lethargy
- Cough
- White foci if necrosis in liver and spleen
- Hepatic, splenic, and LN enlargement
Spleen from cat who liked to eat rabbits what is likely cause of these lesions
Francisella tularensis
How do you dx Francisella tularensis
- Exposure to wild rabbits/ rodents/ ticks
- Culture
- PCR
If you are sending suspected Francisella tularensis samples to lab for culture what must you do
Notify lab because done in BSL-3
What is tx and prevention for Francisella tularensis
- Tetracylines
- Control tick and flies
Burkholderia is a __zoonotic agent
Notifiable
Who does B. Mallei typically infect
Horses
Where is B. Mallei endemic
Hot, humid areas
How is B. Mallei transmitted
Contact, inhalation, ingestion
Lesion on horse who lives in a hot humid area. What is likely cause
B. Mallei
What are the acute clinical manifestations of B. Mallei
- Pulmonary TB like lesions with caseous/ calcified centers
- Star shaped scars in nose
What are the clinical manifestations for chronic B. Mallei
- Oronasal secretions
- Ulcerative lymphangitis
How do you dx B. Mallei
- Culture of fresh lesions
- PCR
What is tx for B. Mallei in endemic areas
- Tetracylines
Not curative
What is tx for B. Mallei in non-endemic areas
Depopulation/ euthanasia
Because treatment isn’t curative
Where is B. Pseudomallei distributed
Equatorial distribution
B. Pseudomallei is readily recovered from __ and __
Soil and surface water
How is B. Pseudomallei transmitted
Contained soil or water
What are the clinical manifestations of B. Pseudomallaei in horses
Edema
Lymphangitis
How can you tell the difference between B. Pseudomallei and B. Mallei when dx
B. Pseudomallei won’t have calcified lesions
How do you dx B. Pseudomallei
PCR and culture
What is tx for B. Pseudomallei
Often unsuccessful so euthanasia preferred
