Lecture 28: Pasteurella, Mannheimia, Histophilus, Haemophilus and Respiratory Infections Flashcards
Pasteurella, Mannheimia, Hameophilus and Histophilus are all small gram __ rods and facultative ___
Negative, anaerobes
Pasteurella, Mannheimia, Hameophilus and Histophilus are generally oxidase ___ except ___
Positive, except P. Dogmatis
Pasteurella, Mannheimia, Hameophilus and Histophilus are all catalase __ except __
Positive, except P. Caballi
Pasteurella, Mannheimia, Hameophilus and Histophilus are all non-hemolytic except ___
M. Haemolytica
What is habitat for Pasteurella, Mannheimia, Hameophilus and Histophilus
Oral, respiratory and intestinal tracts
What type of infections are caused by Pasteurella and Mannheimia species
- Endogenous
- Exogenous
- SQ infections from bite wounds
What is portal of entry for Pasteurella and Mannheimia spp
Respiratory
What are some gross lesions associated with P. Multocida
Petechiae, pulmonary edema, enteritis, lymphadenopathy
What pathogens are involved in BRD
- Pasteurella Multocida
- Mannheimia haemolytica
- Histophilus somni
Where does BRD affect
- Lower respiratory tract- pneumonia
- Upper respiratory tract- rhinitis, tracheitis, bronchitis
What are some clinical signs of BRD
Rapid, shallowing breathing, difficulty breathing, depression, coughing, nasal discharge, inappetence, fever, lethargy
What antibiotics are used to tx BRD
- Zactran (gamithromycin)
- Oxytetracycline
- Ampicillin
How do you control BRD
- Decrease stress
- Vaccinate 3 weeks before transport
What vaccine is available for BRD
MH- modified leukotoxin and surface antigens
What causes Fowl Cholera
P. Multocida
Fowl cholera is associated with septicemia with morbidity and morality rate up to __%
70&
What are some signs of Fowl Cholera
Anorexia, ruffled feathers, oral or nasal discharge, cyanosis, diarrhea, swollen wattles, joints filled with fibro purulent exudates
What are some postmortem lesions associated with fowl cholera
Hemorrhages- serous surfaces
Accumulation of fluid in body cavities
How do you dx fowl cholera
- Microbes from blood smear
- Microbes from bone marrow, spleen or liver
What is tx for fowl cholera
- Medicated feed and water with long acting tetracycline
- Eradication- depopulation and disinfection
How do you control fowl cholera
- Polyvalent adjuvant bacterins
- Autogenous vaccines
- Modified live vaccines
What causes atrophic rhinitis in pigs
P. Multocida and B. Bronchiseptica
What are some signs of Atrophic rhinitis
Excessive lacrimation, sneezing, epistaxis, wrinkled and shortened snouts, laterally deviated snout, underweight
How do you dx atrophic rhinitis
- Severely affected facial deformity
- Isolation and identification of P. Multocida
- ELISA or PCR
What is tx for atrophic rhinitis
- Isolate and susceptibility tests
- Sulfonamides, oxytetracyline, tylosin, trimpethoprim
What vaccine is available for atrophic rhinitis
Bacterin and P Multocida toxoid
What does P. Multocida cause in rabbits
Snuffles
How do rabbits get snuffles
Healthy carriers of commensal P. Multocida then stressful event causes disease
What are some signs of snuffles in rabbits
Purulent nasal discharge, sneezing coughing
What are some sequela to snuffles
Conjunctivitis and otitis media
Young rabbits with snuffles can get __
Bronchopneumonia
What is tx for snuffles
Enrofloxacin
How do you control snuffles
- Eliminate stress
- Culling
What are some risk factors for P. Multocida
Stress- drastic changes in weather, poor nutrition, overcrowding, asymptomatic or symptomatic carriers
Wha are some virulence factors for P. Multocida
- Capsular polysaccharide
- Hemagluttins and fimbrae subunits
- PMT toxins
- Iron uptake
What do hemaggluttinins and fimbrae subunits do
Adhesion to host and chemotaxis
What do PMT toxins do
Cytotoxic protein that stimulates cytoskeleton rearrangements
All strains of Mannheimia ferment ___
Mannitol
How can you differentiate Mannheimia species from Pasteurella species
Mannheimia species fail to ferment D. Mannose
Mannheimia species are classified into stereotypes based on ___
Capsular antigens
Mannheimia is divided into two bio types (A and T) based on ability or lack of to ferment ___ or ___
L-arabinose or Trehalose
T Biotype for Mannheimia is known as __
Pasteurella trehalose
What clinical infection does Mannheimia cause
BRD
What are some virulence factors for Mannheimia haemolytica
- LPS
- Leukotoxin
- Fimbrae
- Siderophore
- Metallo-endopeptidase
- Superoxide dismutase
- Capsule
What does leukotoxin do
Cytotoxic activity, very potent effect on neutrophils, pore forming
What does metallic-endopeptidase do
Cleavage of sialoglycoprotein on surface of epithelial cells
What does superoxide dismutase do
Detoxification of free radicals
H. Somi, J. Parasuis and A. Paragllinarium are all small motile gram __bacteria and facultative ___
Negative, anaerobes
H. Somni. H. Parasuis, and A. Paragllinarium are fastidious and may require X and V factors. What are those 2 factors
X= hemin
V= NAD in chocolate agar
What is habitat for H. Somni
Respiratory and genital tract of cattle and sheep
How is H. Somni transmitted
Direct contact or aerosol
What does H. Somni cause in cattle
- Thromboembolic meningoencephalitis
- Pneumonia
- Endometritis and abortion
What is thromboembolic meningoencephalitis
Septicemia with infarcts in cerebellum
What does H. Somni cause in sheep
- Epididymitis and orchitis in Rams
- Pneumonia
- Mastitis
- Polyarthritis
- Meningitis
- Septicemia
What are clinical manifestations for H. Somni
Septicemia
How do you dx H. Somi
- Neurological signs
- Hemorrhagic necrosis in brain
- CSF
What is tx for H. Somni
- Isolate
- Oxytetracycline, penicillin, erythromycin, potentiated sulfonamide
What causes glasser disease in pigs
H. Parasuis
What are some signs for H. Parasuis
Wasting, dyspnea, polyserositis, leptomeningitis, polyarthritis
How do piglets acquire H. Parasuis
From sow shortly after brith
Piglets are protected from H. Parasuis for first few weeks because of maternal antibodies but then __generates disease in ___old piglets
Stress, 2-4weeks
What are some signs of glassers disease
Anorexia, pyrexia, lameness, recumbent, convulsions, cyanosis, thickening of pinna
Or no signs and sudden death
How do you dx glassers disease/ H. Parasuis
- Isolate from joint fluid, heart blood, CSF
- Postmortem- Fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis, or meningitis
What is tx for glassers disease
Tetracyclines, penicillins, potentiated sulfonamides
How do you control H. Parasuis
- Eliminate stress
- Bacterins and autogenous bacterins
What is coryza
Common cold- inflammation and discharge from mucous membranes of URT, sinuses and eyes
What are the reservoirs for Avibacterium Paragllinarium
Chronically ill or clinically normal carriers
How is A. Paragllinarium transmitted
Direct contact, aerosols, contaminated drinking water
Who is most susceptible to A. Paragllinarium
4 weeks after hatching, increases with age
What are some clinical signs of A. Paragllinarium
Depression, serous nasal discharge, swelling of infraorbital sinuses, marked edema, decrease productivity
What are some necropsy findings for A. Paragllinarium
- Tenacious exudate infraorbital sinuses
- Tracheitis, bronchitis, air sacculitis
How do you dx A. Paragllinarium
- Facial swelling
- Serology for antibodies
- Immunoperoxidase staining of tissues
What is tx for A. Paragllinarium
- Oxytetracycline and sulfonamides
- All in/ all out approach
Is there a vaccine for A. Paragllinarium and if so when vaccinate
Bacterins- vaccinate 3 weeks before anticipated outbreak
What do you submit to lab to dx septicemia in dead animal
Pieces of liver, spleen, kidney and lymph nodes
What is point of care testing
Medical diagnostic testing at or near point of care to provide instant availability of results to make immediate and informed decisions about patient care
