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Microbiology > Lecture 28: Pasteurella, Mannheimia, Histophilus, Haemophilus and Respiratory Infections > Flashcards

Lecture 28: Pasteurella, Mannheimia, Histophilus, Haemophilus and Respiratory Infections Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Pasteurella, Mannheimia, Hameophilus and Histophilus are all small gram __ rods and facultative ___

A

Negative, anaerobes

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2
Q

Pasteurella, Mannheimia, Hameophilus and Histophilus are generally oxidase ___ except ___

A

Positive, except P. Dogmatis

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3
Q

Pasteurella, Mannheimia, Hameophilus and Histophilus are all catalase __ except __

A

Positive, except P. Caballi

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4
Q

Pasteurella, Mannheimia, Hameophilus and Histophilus are all non-hemolytic except ___

A

M. Haemolytica

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5
Q

What is habitat for Pasteurella, Mannheimia, Hameophilus and Histophilus

A

Oral, respiratory and intestinal tracts

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6
Q

What type of infections are caused by Pasteurella and Mannheimia species

A
  1. Endogenous
  2. Exogenous
  3. SQ infections from bite wounds
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7
Q

What is portal of entry for Pasteurella and Mannheimia spp

A

Respiratory

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8
Q

What are some gross lesions associated with P. Multocida

A

Petechiae, pulmonary edema, enteritis, lymphadenopathy

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9
Q

What pathogens are involved in BRD

A
  1. Pasteurella Multocida
  2. Mannheimia haemolytica
  3. Histophilus somni
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10
Q

Where does BRD affect

A
  1. Lower respiratory tract- pneumonia
  2. Upper respiratory tract- rhinitis, tracheitis, bronchitis
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11
Q

What are some clinical signs of BRD

A

Rapid, shallowing breathing, difficulty breathing, depression, coughing, nasal discharge, inappetence, fever, lethargy

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12
Q

What antibiotics are used to tx BRD

A
  1. Zactran (gamithromycin)
  2. Oxytetracycline
  3. Ampicillin
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13
Q

How do you control BRD

A
  1. Decrease stress
  2. Vaccinate 3 weeks before transport
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14
Q

What vaccine is available for BRD

A

MH- modified leukotoxin and surface antigens

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15
Q

What causes Fowl Cholera

A

P. Multocida

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16
Q

Fowl cholera is associated with septicemia with morbidity and morality rate up to __%

A

70&

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17
Q

What are some signs of Fowl Cholera

A

Anorexia, ruffled feathers, oral or nasal discharge, cyanosis, diarrhea, swollen wattles, joints filled with fibro purulent exudates

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18
Q

What are some postmortem lesions associated with fowl cholera

A

Hemorrhages- serous surfaces
Accumulation of fluid in body cavities

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19
Q

How do you dx fowl cholera

A
  1. Microbes from blood smear
  2. Microbes from bone marrow, spleen or liver
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20
Q

What is tx for fowl cholera

A
  1. Medicated feed and water with long acting tetracycline
  2. Eradication- depopulation and disinfection
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21
Q

How do you control fowl cholera

A
  1. Polyvalent adjuvant bacterins
  2. Autogenous vaccines
  3. Modified live vaccines
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22
Q

What causes atrophic rhinitis in pigs

A

P. Multocida and B. Bronchiseptica

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23
Q

What are some signs of Atrophic rhinitis

A

Excessive lacrimation, sneezing, epistaxis, wrinkled and shortened snouts, laterally deviated snout, underweight

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24
Q

How do you dx atrophic rhinitis

A
  1. Severely affected facial deformity
  2. Isolation and identification of P. Multocida
  3. ELISA or PCR
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25
Q

What is tx for atrophic rhinitis

A
  1. Isolate and susceptibility tests
  2. Sulfonamides, oxytetracyline, tylosin, trimpethoprim
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26
Q

What vaccine is available for atrophic rhinitis

A

Bacterin and P Multocida toxoid

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27
Q

What does P. Multocida cause in rabbits

A

Snuffles

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28
Q

How do rabbits get snuffles

A

Healthy carriers of commensal P. Multocida then stressful event causes disease

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29
Q

What are some signs of snuffles in rabbits

A

Purulent nasal discharge, sneezing coughing

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30
Q

What are some sequela to snuffles

A

Conjunctivitis and otitis media

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31
Q

Young rabbits with snuffles can get __

A

Bronchopneumonia

32
Q

What is tx for snuffles

A

Enrofloxacin

33
Q

How do you control snuffles

A
  1. Eliminate stress
  2. Culling
34
Q

What are some risk factors for P. Multocida

A

Stress- drastic changes in weather, poor nutrition, overcrowding, asymptomatic or symptomatic carriers

35
Q

Wha are some virulence factors for P. Multocida

A
  1. Capsular polysaccharide
  2. Hemagluttins and fimbrae subunits
  3. PMT toxins
  4. Iron uptake
36
Q

What do hemaggluttinins and fimbrae subunits do

A

Adhesion to host and chemotaxis

37
Q

What do PMT toxins do

A

Cytotoxic protein that stimulates cytoskeleton rearrangements

38
Q

All strains of Mannheimia ferment ___

A

Mannitol

39
Q

How can you differentiate Mannheimia species from Pasteurella species

A

Mannheimia species fail to ferment D. Mannose

40
Q

Mannheimia species are classified into stereotypes based on ___

A

Capsular antigens

41
Q

Mannheimia is divided into two bio types (A and T) based on ability or lack of to ferment ___ or ___

A

L-arabinose or Trehalose

42
Q

T Biotype for Mannheimia is known as __

A

Pasteurella trehalose

43
Q

What clinical infection does Mannheimia cause

A

BRD

44
Q

What are some virulence factors for Mannheimia haemolytica

A
  1. LPS
  2. Leukotoxin
  3. Fimbrae
  4. Siderophore
  5. Metallo-endopeptidase
  6. Superoxide dismutase
  7. Capsule
45
Q

What does leukotoxin do

A

Cytotoxic activity, very potent effect on neutrophils, pore forming

46
Q

What does metallic-endopeptidase do

A

Cleavage of sialoglycoprotein on surface of epithelial cells

47
Q

What does superoxide dismutase do

A

Detoxification of free radicals

48
Q

H. Somi, J. Parasuis and A. Paragllinarium are all small motile gram __bacteria and facultative ___

A

Negative, anaerobes

49
Q

H. Somni. H. Parasuis, and A. Paragllinarium are fastidious and may require X and V factors. What are those 2 factors

A

X= hemin
V= NAD in chocolate agar

50
Q

What is habitat for H. Somni

A

Respiratory and genital tract of cattle and sheep

51
Q

How is H. Somni transmitted

A

Direct contact or aerosol

52
Q

What does H. Somni cause in cattle

A
  1. Thromboembolic meningoencephalitis
  2. Pneumonia
  3. Endometritis and abortion
53
Q

What is thromboembolic meningoencephalitis

A

Septicemia with infarcts in cerebellum

54
Q

What does H. Somni cause in sheep

A
  1. Epididymitis and orchitis in Rams
  2. Pneumonia
  3. Mastitis
  4. Polyarthritis
  5. Meningitis
  6. Septicemia
55
Q

What are clinical manifestations for H. Somni

A

Septicemia

56
Q

How do you dx H. Somi

A
  1. Neurological signs
  2. Hemorrhagic necrosis in brain
  3. CSF
57
Q

What is tx for H. Somni

A
  1. Isolate
  2. Oxytetracycline, penicillin, erythromycin, potentiated sulfonamide
58
Q

What causes glasser disease in pigs

A

H. Parasuis

59
Q

What are some signs for H. Parasuis

A

Wasting, dyspnea, polyserositis, leptomeningitis, polyarthritis

60
Q

How do piglets acquire H. Parasuis

A

From sow shortly after brith

61
Q

Piglets are protected from H. Parasuis for first few weeks because of maternal antibodies but then __generates disease in ___old piglets

A

Stress, 2-4weeks

62
Q

What are some signs of glassers disease

A

Anorexia, pyrexia, lameness, recumbent, convulsions, cyanosis, thickening of pinna

Or no signs and sudden death

63
Q

How do you dx glassers disease/ H. Parasuis

A
  1. Isolate from joint fluid, heart blood, CSF
  2. Postmortem- Fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis, or meningitis
64
Q

What is tx for glassers disease

A

Tetracyclines, penicillins, potentiated sulfonamides

65
Q

How do you control H. Parasuis

A
  1. Eliminate stress
  2. Bacterins and autogenous bacterins
66
Q

What is coryza

A

Common cold- inflammation and discharge from mucous membranes of URT, sinuses and eyes

67
Q

What are the reservoirs for Avibacterium Paragllinarium

A

Chronically ill or clinically normal carriers

68
Q

How is A. Paragllinarium transmitted

A

Direct contact, aerosols, contaminated drinking water

69
Q

Who is most susceptible to A. Paragllinarium

A

4 weeks after hatching, increases with age

70
Q

What are some clinical signs of A. Paragllinarium

A

Depression, serous nasal discharge, swelling of infraorbital sinuses, marked edema, decrease productivity

71
Q

What are some necropsy findings for A. Paragllinarium

A
  1. Tenacious exudate infraorbital sinuses
  2. Tracheitis, bronchitis, air sacculitis
72
Q

How do you dx A. Paragllinarium

A
  1. Facial swelling
  2. Serology for antibodies
  3. Immunoperoxidase staining of tissues
73
Q

What is tx for A. Paragllinarium

A
  1. Oxytetracycline and sulfonamides
  2. All in/ all out approach
74
Q

Is there a vaccine for A. Paragllinarium and if so when vaccinate

A

Bacterins- vaccinate 3 weeks before anticipated outbreak

75
Q

What do you submit to lab to dx septicemia in dead animal

A

Pieces of liver, spleen, kidney and lymph nodes

76
Q

What is point of care testing

A

Medical diagnostic testing at or near point of care to provide instant availability of results to make immediate and informed decisions about patient care

Microbiology (31 decks)

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