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Microbiology > Lecture 14: Trueperella, Rhodococcus, Listeria and Erysipelothrix > Flashcards

Lecture 14: Trueperella, Rhodococcus, Listeria and Erysipelothrix Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the shape of trueperella spp and is it gram positive or negative

A

Pleomorphic (coccobacillary, rod, club shaped), gram positive bacilli, non-spore forming

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2
Q

Trueperella spp are __anaerobes and aerobes

A

Facultative

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3
Q

T or F: Trueperella are capnophilic

A

True

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4
Q

Where are Trueperella spp found

A

Mucous membranes of mammals- commensals

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5
Q

What is the primary Trueperella spp. of veterinary importance

A

T. Pyogenes

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6
Q

What is the shape of T. Pyogenes

A

Coccobacillary to short rods

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7
Q

T. Pyogenes is a normal inhabitant of where

A

Upper respiratory, urogenital and GI tracts of ruminants, swine and other mammals

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8
Q

T. Pyogenes is a ___pathogen, most infections are endogenous

A

Opportunistic

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9
Q

What causes T. Pyogenes

A

Traumatic inoculation, secondary infection

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10
Q

T. Pyogenes can have host-to-host transmission in what scenario

A

Mastitis in cows

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11
Q

What does T. Pyogenes cause in tissues

A

Suppurative lesions, abscesses, emyemas, pyogrnaulomas

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12
Q

How does T. Pyogenes spread in body

A

Hematogenous

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13
Q

What are the virulence factors associated with T. Pyogenes and what do they do

A
  1. Pyolysin O: cytotoxic to macrophages, neutrophils and RBC’s
  2. Neuroamindases and other adhesins bind host cells and ECM
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14
Q

What is T. Pyogenes synergistic with

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum which causes bovine liver abscesses

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15
Q

What does T. Pyogenes cause in swine

A

Septic arthritis, occurs after farrowing

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16
Q

What does T. Pyogenes cause in cattle

A

Severe mastitis in heifers and dry cows, profuse, purulent secretions (contagious)

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17
Q

How is T. Pyogenes transmitted in cattle

A

Flies, teat contact with contaminated environment or milking equipment

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18
Q

How do you dx T. Pyogenes

A
  1. Clinical findings and gram positive short Pleomorphic rods
  2. Culture and ID- PCR of A.pyogenes, and MALDI-TOF
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19
Q

What is tx for T. Pyogenes

A
  1. Drainage of abscess
  2. Antibiotics- in vivo response poor because abscess encapsulation
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20
Q

How can you control T.pyogenes mastitis

A

Control flies, disinfection, tx heifers and dry cows with prophylactic long acting penicillin, isolate/ cull

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21
Q

What is the shape of Rhodococcus spp and are they gram positive or negative

A

Pleomorphic (cocci, rods, filaments), gram positive

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22
Q

Rhodococcus spp are __ so found in soil and water

A

Saprophytes

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23
Q

What is the important rhodococcus spp in vet med

A

R. Equi

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24
Q

What are the shapes of R. Equi

A

Cocci, coccobacilli, rods

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25
Q

What are the reservoirs for R. Equi

A

Soil and intestinal tracts and feces of healthy animals

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26
Q

R. Equi are __ pathogens primarily of __

A

Opportunistic, foals

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27
Q

What are the routes of infection for R. Equi

A

Inhalation or ingestion of virulent strains in soil

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28
Q

What does R. Equi cause to tissues

A

Granulomas, pyogranulomas, abscesses

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29
Q

How does R. Equi spread in body

A

Hematogenous

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30
Q

Pathogenic strains of R. Equi are __pathogens so they survive and grow inside ___

A

Facultative intracellular pathogens, grow inside macrophages

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31
Q

What protects R. Equi from phagocytic killing

A

Vap proteins

32
Q

Foal presents with abscesses and histo shows pyogranulomas and the following image. What is likely cause

A

R. Equi (macrophages filled with R. Equi)

33
Q

What does R. Equi cause in foals

A

Pyogranulomatous bronchopneumonia with abscessation. Lesions in pulmonary, mesenteric LN, intestines

34
Q

What does R. Equi do to swine

A

Causes submandibular and cervical lymphadentitis

35
Q

foal necropsy shows abscesses all over lungs, what is likely cause

A

R. Equi

36
Q

How can you dx R. Equi

A
  1. Gram positive Pleomorphic cells within macrophages from tracheal wash, pus
  2. PCR for VapA gene
37
Q

What is tx for R. Equi

A

Rifampin and macro life

38
Q

What shape are listeria spp and are they gram negative or positive

A

Gram positive, coccobacilli

39
Q

Listeria spp are __anaerobes

A

Facultative

40
Q

Listeria are ___, so commonly found in soil and water

A

Saprophytes

41
Q

What does L. Ivanovii cause in ruminants (especially sheep_

A

Abortion

42
Q

What does L. Monocytogenes cause in mammals

A

Septicemia, abortion and CNS infections

43
Q

Where is L. Monocytogenes found

A

Soil, silage, sewage, freshwater, GI tracts and feces

44
Q

How is L. Monocytogenes transmitted

A
  1. Ingestion of contaminated food
  2. Vertical transmission in utero
45
Q

What is the pathogens is of L. Monocytogenes

A
  1. Penetrates intestinal epithelium
  2. Spreads via lymph and blood to various tissues
  3. Alternative route ton CNS via breaks in oral or nasal mucosa—> cranial nerves—> brain
46
Q

What lesions are associated with L. Monocytogenes

A
  1. Brain- microabscesses, primarily in brain stem
  2. Septicemia- diffuse necrosis in any organ, especially liver
  3. Aborted fetus
47
Q

L. Monocytogenes is a ___pathogen so grows inside ___ and ___

A

Facultative intracellular pathogen, phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells

48
Q

What are the virulence factors associated with L. Monocytogenes

A
  1. Adhesins
  2. Listeriolysin O
49
Q

what does this show and what is likely cause

A

Infected neuron within a micro abscess
Likely cause: L. Monocytogenes

50
Q

What does L. Monocytogenes cause in cattle

A
  1. Encephalitis (most common)
  2. Abortion in 3rd trimester
  3. Septicemia in neonates
51
Q

What does L. Monocytogenes cause in pigs, dogs and cats

A

Septicemic form with focal hepatic necrosis

52
Q

What does L. Monocytogenes cause in horses

A

Neonatal septicemia and abortion

53
Q

What does L. Monocytogenes cause in poultry

A

Septicemic form with lesions in heart, liver, and other abdominal viscera, pericarditis, splenomegaly

54
Q

necropsy of chicken shows necrotic lesion on heart. What is likely cause

A

Septicemic form of L. Monocytogenes

55
Q

How can you dx L. Monocytogenes

A
  1. Gram positive rods in liver, other organs, placental or fetal tissue
  2. Culture and ID
56
Q

How can you tx L. Monocytogenes

A

Antibiotics- penicillin, oxytetracycline

57
Q

How can you control/ prevent L. Monocytogenes

A
  1. Avoid feeding poor quality silage
  2. Implement feeding methods that minimize ocular contact with silage
58
Q

What is the shape of erysipelothrix spp and are they gram positive or negative

A

Gram positive, non-spore forming rods or non-branching filaments

59
Q

Erysipelothrix are __anaerobes

A

Facultative

60
Q

What is the most important erysipelothrix species in vetmed

A

E. Rhusiopathiae

61
Q

What is the important reservoir for E. Rhusiopathie

A

Pigs

62
Q

Where does E. Rhusiopathie live in pigs

A

Tonsils and GI tract- excreted in feces and pro nasal secretions

Healthy carrier pigs

63
Q

How do infections with E. Rhusiopathie occur

A

Ingestion of contaminated food or water, also via skin wounds

64
Q

What is the pathogens is of E. Rhusiopathie

A
  1. Invades bloodstream
  2. Vascular damage and hemorrhagic lesions in organs/tissues
  3. Damage to synovial joints
65
Q

What virulence factors are associated with E. Rhusiopathie

A
  1. Neuroamindases- adherence to endothelial cells
  2. Hyaluronidase- invasion of tissue
  3. Capsule- survival and growth in phagocytic cells (facultative intracellular pathogen)
66
Q

Pig necropsy shows synovitis and arthritis in hock joint. Black=hemorrhage, what bacteria is the likely cause

A

E. Rhusiopathie

67
Q

How does E. Rhusiopathie effect swine

A
  1. Severe septicemia- skin lesions, high mortality, pregnant sows abort
  2. Mild septicemia- skin lesions and pregnant sows abort
  3. Chronic form- arthritis and endocarditis
68
Q

What age group of pigs is most susceptible to E. Rhusiopathie

A

3-18 months

69
Q

What does E. Rhusiopathie cause in lambs and how does infection occur

A

Polyarthritis, infection via umbilicus and skin wounds

70
Q

What does E. Rhusiopathie cause in adult sheep

A

Post dipping lameness, pneumonia, endocarditis

71
Q

15 month old Pig presents with the following lesions, just aborted fetus. What is likely cause

A

E. Rhusiopathie

72
Q

What can E. Rhusiopathie cause in poultry, especially turkeys

A

Acute septicemia with sudden death
Dark colored, swollen snood
Chronic arthritis or endocarditis may occur

73
Q

What caused this dark colored, swollen snood

A

E. Rhusiopathie

74
Q

Which bacteria can be an occupational hazard to vets working with fish, poultry, swine and in agricultural industries

A

E. Rhusiopathie

75
Q

How do you dx E. Rhusiopathie

A
  1. Gram positive short to filamentous rods
  2. Culture, PCR, MALDI-TOF
76
Q

What is the treatment for E. Rhusiopathie

A
  1. Penicillin- DOC
  2. Tetracycline
77
Q

What tx should be added to suckling piglets with E. Rhusiopathie

A

Antiserum with antibiotics

Microbiology (31 decks)

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