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Lecture 31: Mycoplasma Flashcards

1
Q

Mycoplasma is closely related to gram ___, but stains gram ___

A

Positive, negative

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2
Q

Mycoplasma structurally has no ___ or ___

A

Cell wall or peptidoglycan

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3
Q

Mycoplasma have added ___for membrane stability

A

Sterols

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4
Q

Mycoplasma and ureaplasma are nonhemortropic or hemotropic

A

Nonhemotropic

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5
Q

Where does mycoplasma and ureaplasma infect

A

Respiratory, urogenital, articular surfaces, mammary glands, serosa membranes

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6
Q

Mycoplasma that is hemotropic parasitize RBC’s and cause ___

A

Regenerative anemia

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7
Q

What are two examples of hemotropic mycoplasma that were formerly identified as Ricketssia genera

A
  1. Haemobartonella
  2. Eperythrozoon
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8
Q

T or F: mycoplasma is highly host specific

A

True

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9
Q

What are the two notifiable mycoplasms and their associated diseases

A
  1. M. Mycoides mycoides- Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
  2. M. Capricolum capripneumoniae- contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
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10
Q

Mycoplasma are the ___self-replicating organisms due to their reduced genome

A

Smallest

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11
Q

What are the preferred stains for mycoplasma

A

Giemsa, dienes, acridine orange

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12
Q

What stains are used in the diene stains

A

Methylene blue and azure IIwhat

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13
Q

What is the cell membrane of mycoplasma composed of

A

Phospholipid trilaminar layer with cholesterol

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14
Q

What stain is used and what is this in general

A

dienes stain- mycoplasma- fried egg appearance

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15
Q

Mycoplasma colonies have a ___shape

A

Fried egg

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16
Q

Mycoplasma are facultative ___ or ___

A

Anaerobes or microaerophiles

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17
Q

What is the key virulence factor for mycoplasma

A

Adhesion

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18
Q

What are some virulence factors associated with mycoplasma

A
  1. Adhesins- P1 adhesin
  2. Antigenic and phase variation: pMGA lipoproteins
  3. Biofilm
  4. H2O2
  5. Capsule
  6. Capping (immune evasion)
  7. Mimicry
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19
Q

Samples of mycoplasma are fragile so dip swab in ___first

A

Transport medium

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20
Q

What are some samples submitted for suspected mycoplasma

A

Mucosal scraping, tracheal exudate, aspirate

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21
Q

What is the appropriate transport medium for mycoplasma

A

Amies medium without charcoal, Stuart’s medium

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22
Q

For mycoplasma mastitis milk samples you add __for transport

A

Ampicillin

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23
Q

Mycoplasma is fastidious and therefore on culture requires __, ___, and ___ for growth

A

Serum, amino acids, and nuclei acids

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24
Q

What agars are used to culture mycoplasma

A
  1. PPLO- pleuropneumonia like organisms that contain antibiotics- brain heart infusion base
  2. Modified Hayflick Agar- brain heart infusion base- boiled bovine and porcine heart and brain
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25
Q

What tests are used to ID mycoplasma

A

1.ELISA- detect antibodies
2. Latex agglutination test- antigens
3. PCR and qPCr

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26
Q

What test is the best method for hemotropic mycoplasmas

A

PCR and qPCR

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27
Q

What is the tx for mycoplasma

A

Tetracyclines, macrolides, fluorquinolones

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28
Q

Mycoplasma haemofelis causes a ___infection in ___

A

Hemotropic infection in cats

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29
Q

What mycoplasma causes feline infectious anemia

A

Mycoplasma haemofelis

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30
Q

You can’t culture mycoplasma haemofelis because hemotropic, must use ___ to identify

A

PCR

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31
Q

Mycoplasma haemofelis is common in what cats

A

1-3yr free roaming Tom cats

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32
Q

How is Mycoplasma haemofelis transmitted

A

bite wounds, biting arthropods (fleas)

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33
Q

A cat that has recovered from M. Haemofelis may be a ___

A

Asymptomatic carrier

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34
Q

What is the pathogenesis of M. Haemofelis

A

Extravascular hemolysis- attachment of microbe to RBC’s, antibodies attach, spleen clears from system

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35
Q

What is the clinical presentation for mycoplasma haemofelis

A

Fever, anemia, depression, weakness, jaundice

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36
Q

What is the recovery like for mycoplasma haemofelis

A

Successive waves of parasiteminia, regenerative bone marrow response with reticulocytosis

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37
Q

Owner brings in her indoor/ outdoor Tom cat for depression and weakness. You do a blood smear and see this. What is likely causative agent

A

mycoplasma haemofelis

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38
Q

What is the best method for dx mycoplasma haemofelis causing FIA

A

PCR

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39
Q

Blood smears can be used to dx mycoplasma haemofelis causing FIA but only visible __% of time

A

50%

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40
Q

What is a CBC abnormality associated with mycoplasma haemofelis

A

Regenerative anemia

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41
Q

What test can you perform for mycoplasma haemofelis that will detect anti-RBC antibodies

A

coomb’s test

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42
Q

What is the tx for mycoplasma haemofelis induced FIA

A

Doxycycline

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43
Q

T or F: mycoplasma gallisepticum is a reportable disease

A

True

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44
Q

How is M. Gallisepticum transmitted

A

Aerosol

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45
Q

What are some clinical signs of mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens

A

Chronic respiratory disease

46
Q

What does mycoplasma gallisepticum cause in turkeys

A

Infectious sinusitis with thick mucoid exudate. Severe swelling of infraorbital sinuses

47
Q

Mycoplasma gallisepticum causes a decrease in ___production

48
Q

How do you dx mycoplasma gallisepticum

A

Serum antibody plate agglutination test

49
Q

What is tx for mycoplasma gallisepticum

A
  1. Tylosin or tetracyclines
  2. Eggs for hatching dipped in tylosin
  3. Establish pathogen-free flocks
50
Q

Mycoplasma synoviae infects what species

A

Chickens and turkeys

51
Q

What does mycoplasma synoviae cause in chickens and turkeys

A

Infectious synoviae

52
Q

How is mycoplasma synoviae transmitted

53
Q

What are some clinical signs of mycoplasma synoviae

A
  1. Synovitis- lameness, swelling of joints and tendons
  2. Airsacculitis
  3. Sternal bursitis in turkeys
54
Q

What are some dx test for mycoplasma synoviae

A
  1. PCR
  2. Slide latex agglutination test
55
Q

What is tx and control for mycoplasma synoviae

A
  1. Tetracycline
  2. Pathogen free flock
56
Q

Mycoplasma hypo pneumonia causes what and in who

A

Swine enzootic pneumonia in 8-20 week old pigs

57
Q

Swine enzootic pneumonia as a ___morbidity and __mortality

58
Q

Mycoplasma hypo pneumonia potentiates ___complex

A

Porcine respiratory disease complex

59
Q

What is the major clinical signs of mycoplasma hypo pneumonia

A

Chronic nonproductive cough

60
Q

What is dx for mycoplasma hyopneumonia

A
  1. PCR- nasal swab
61
Q

What is tx for mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

A

Tetracyclines, linocomycin, tiamulin

62
Q

What vaccines are available for mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

A
  1. RespiSure-one
  2. Ingelvac MycoFlex swine vaccine
63
Q

What are 2 causative agents of mycoplasma arthritis

A
  1. Mycoplasma hyorhinis
  2. Mycoplasma hypo synoviae
64
Q

M. Hyorhinis and hyosynoviae are commensals found in ___ of pigs

A

Respiratory tracts

65
Q

What does Mycoplasma hyorhinis cause and in who

A

Mycoplasma arthritis in 3-10 week old pigs

66
Q

What are some clinical signs of M. Hyorhinis

A
  1. Arthritis- lameness
  2. Polyserositis- serofibrinous to fibrinopurulent
67
Q

How do you dx mycoplasma hyorhinis

A

Joint fluid

68
Q

How can you different M. Hyorhinis and H. Parasites causing glasser’s disease in pigs since they both cause polyserositis

A

M. Hyorhinis- arthritis and lameness
H. Parasites- meningitis

69
Q

What is tx for M. Hyorhinis

A

Tylosin and Lincomysin

70
Q

Mycoplasma hyosynoviae affects who and causes what

A

Pigs 12-30 weeks of age, causing polyarthritis

71
Q

What pigs are most susceptible to M. Hyosynoviae

72
Q

M. Hyosynoviae invades ___ and ___

A

Joints and tendon sheaths

73
Q

What are some clinical signs of M. Hyosynoviae

A

Acute lameness, difficulty moving, pain, swollen joints

74
Q

Pain in what joints is associated with M. Hyosynoviae

A

Hock, stifle, elbow

75
Q

How do you dx M. Hyosynoviae

76
Q

What is tx for M. Hyosynoviae

A

Tiamulin and lincomycin

77
Q

What two major things does mycoplasma bovis cause in cattle

A

Bronchopneumonia and mastitis

78
Q

Mycoplasma bovis is more common in ___cattle vs cow-calf herds

A

Feedlot cattle

79
Q

In calves, mycoplasma bovis causes severe ___

A

Pneumonia- caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia

80
Q

What causes pneumonia and polyarthritis in cows

A

Mycoplasma bovis

81
Q

Mycoplasma bovis primarily affects __ and ___ calves

A

Stocker and feeder

82
Q

Mycoplasma is a disease of ___respiratory tract

83
Q

What are some clinical presentations of mycoplasma bovis

A

Harsh hacking cough, fever, increase respiratory rate, depression, swollen joints and arthritis

84
Q

What joints are primarily affected by mycoplasma bovis

A

Carpus, shoulder, hip and hock

85
Q

What is tx for mycoplasma bovis causing bronchopneumonia

A
  1. Tulathromycin
  2. Gamithromycin
86
Q

How do you control and prevent mycoplasma bovis

A

Vaccinate, biosecurity, reduce stressors, good nutrition

87
Q

What is the reservoir for mycoplasma bovis causing mastitis

A

Clinically healthy calves and young cattle

88
Q

What are some clinical signs of mastitis caused by mycoplasma bovis

A

Sudden swelling of whole udder or quarter, whey like supernatant in CMT

89
Q

How can you dx mastitis caused by mycoplasma bovis/ what culture

A

Broth enhanced medium/culture- Proprietary modified hayflick broth

90
Q

What is the tx for mastitis caused by mycoplasma bovis

A

No effective treatment, lots of antibiotic resistance and no vaccine

91
Q

T or F: mycoplasma agalactiae that causes contagious agalactia is a reportable disease

92
Q

What species is affected by mycoplasma agalactiae

A

Ovine and caprine

94
Q

What is the major etiological agent for contagious mastitis or contagious agalactiae

A

Mycoplasma agalactiae

95
Q

What is the three part syndrome for mycoplasma agalactiae

A

Mastitis, arthritis, keratoconjunctivitis

96
Q

What are some clinical signs of contagious agalactia

A

Abortions, fatal pneumonia in young sheep and goats

97
Q

T or F: mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides is a reportable disease

98
Q

What does mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides cause

A

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia

99
Q

How is contagious bovine pleuropneumonia caused by mycoplasma mycoides transmitted

100
Q

What is the morbidity and mortality associated with contagious bovine pleuropneumonia caused by M. Mycoides

A

Morbidity 70%, mortality 50%

101
Q

What are some clinical signs of M. Mycoides

A

Severe Fibrinolysis pneumonia, high fever, anorexia, depression, painful, difficulty breathing, head and neck extended and elbow abducted stance

102
Q

What do calves get that are infected with mycoplasma mycoides

A

Polyarthritis, swelling of joints, lameness

103
Q

What do the organs in the thoracic cavity look like in a cow infected with M. Mycoides

A

Yellow/clear fluid in pericardium, fibrin covered organs, marbeling on lung

104
Q

How do you confirm M. Mycoides dx

105
Q

What is the treatment for M. Mycoides in endemic areas

A

Tylosin and danofloxacin

106
Q

T or F: M. Capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae is not a reportable disease

107
Q

What does M. Capricolum subspecies caprinpnuemonia cause

A

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia

108
Q

What is the morality and morbidity associated with M. Capricolum subspecies caprinpnuemonia

A

Morbidity 100%, mortality 80-100%

109
Q

What are some clinical presentations of M. Capricolum subspecies caprinpnuemonia

A

Severe respiratory distress, nasal discharge, coughing, dyspnea, severe lobar Fibrinolysis pleuropneumonia, profuse pleural exudate, marbeled lung, hepatized lung lobes

110
Q

How do you dx M. Caprinoculum subspeces caprinpnuemonia

A

PCR, latex agglutination test best for field

111
Q

What is tx for M. Capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae

A

Fluroquinolones, macrolides, tetracyclines

112
Q

What does mycoplasma cynos cause in dogs

A

Lower respiratory tract disease, associated with kennel cough

Microbiology (31 decks)

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