learning Flashcards
types of learning
Classical/operant conditioning
insight learning
observation learning (modeling)
experience (trial and error)
skill learning
**Cognitive/Insight **:
a change in knowledge attributable to experience- This definition has three components: (1) learning involves a change, (2) the change is in the learner’s knowledge, and (3) the cause of the change is the learner’s experience.
Conditioning
unconscious way of learning and conditione reactions and behaviours are stored.
Classical conditions: affects physical reactions
operant conditioning: affects behaviour
** Trial and error:**
learning by making mistakes
Modeling
learning by imitation. Change in behaviour which is triggered by observing that behaviour and consequences in others. ‘Models’
classical / operant condition
involuntary behaviour to a situation/stimulus
voluntary behaviour to a consequence
ex: pilot’s reaction to fire warning
Insight learning
organizing or restructing elements in the mind to arrive at sudden understanding to the problem and forming a solution.
ex: pilot setting up on board nav equipment
ex: pilot learning emergency procedures in their type raiting
Observational
learning from imitation
ex: studen pilot following instructor and doing the flight solo
experience
learning from mistakes
skill learning
observational learning comibined with practice
this could lead to ‘motor program’
when are you skilled
you train and practice regularly
keep soem reserve for the unexpected
know how to manage yourself
why is learning by ‘rote’ isn’t ideal
people store info their LTM best whey they understand it and integrate it with what they know
Rote learning issues:
1. does not encode info in he LTM strongly because it’s not understood or organized or integrated
2. relatively isolated
3. harder to recall
4. no meaning associated
meaningful learning
helps apply your knowledge in new situations because it involves ‘understanding’
Transfer
ability to use what we learnt to tackls a new problem
motor program
stored routines that enable patterns of behaviour to be executed without conscious thought
to acquire motor program expertise has 3 stages
Cognitive (declarative knowledge)
Thinking about what is being done
Associative (knowledge compilation)
Intgretation of aspects of the subject being learnt
Autonomous (procedural knowledge)]
operate with no conscious control
How is the quality of learning promoted?
through feedback
what is performance
effect of Experience and Habit (judgement)
can be good or bad
you perform better (assuming your are skilled)
when relaxed
Time of day: when body temp is high (lowest temp = poor performance such as 3:00am is the lowest)
age not a factor
Decision making model (DECIDE)
DECIDE
Detect the problem/error
Estimate the need to react to the change (estimate the impact of deviation)
Choose a solution
Identify the actions to be taken
Do or take actions
Evaluat
Decision making model (For Dec)
Facts: What’s the matter or what is going on here?
Options: Possible ways to solve the problem or what are our choices?
Risks and Benefits: What can be said for and against the different options?
Decision: What are we going to?
Execution: Who does what, when, and how?
Check: Is everything still ok or did everything work to plan?
what is learning
ability to gather knowledge and skills
Cognition
mental action of acquiring knowledge and understanding thru experiences and senses
it differs from one person to antoher because their experiences differ.
cognition affects levels of attention how
if a pilot has negative association of a situation, he will perceive it as threatning –>creates more arousal and consequesntly increasing attention…
visa versa
But also, a positive cognition can increase attention. A person who expects a situation to become very pleasant will pay attention to detail .
