infectious diseas Flashcards
What is TB - Tuberculosis
Bacterial infection in the lungs
how does TB spread
through exporsure to someone’s
cough, spit, sneeze
symptoms of TB
Can be dormant till it exhibits:
fever, night sweats, chronic cough, weight loss, blood in sputum/lung mucus
doesn’t kill quickly but can do so if untreated
how to protect from TB
Vaccination - the BCG
What is cholera
bacterial infection from faecally contaminated food and water
treatment
oral meds for hydration/minerals
if caught early..
reduce fatality by 1%
but if not, 50-60% chance of fatality esp due to dehydration
symptoms
vomit, diarrhoae
dehydration
how to avoid cholera
follow physical and food hygiene
Hepatitis
viral infection affecting the liver
**Type A **(contaminated food/water)
Type B & C (from blood exchange)
how to remedy and avoid Hep A
infection is mild
there is not medication, only rest.
There is vaccinations and last 10 yrs
Also drink and clean water & cooked food an
how to remedy type Hep B and C
anti viral meds
avoid risky sexual contact
avoid blood transfusion
symptoms
no symptoms or:
liver failure
weakness
fever
jaundice (yellow skin)
malaise
Typhoid
bacterial infection (salmonella) from contaminated water and food
deadly if untreated
symptoms
red spots on chest
diarrhorea
fever, sweats, gastro-enteritis, low white blood cells, meningistis, hair loss
prevention and remedy
food hygiene
rehydration meds and antibacteial meds/antibiotics
Parasites
intestinal worms transmitted from contaminated water and food
or penetrate skin
prevention and solution
food hygiene
anti-parasitic meds
avoid swimming in fresh water lakes
wear closed shoes
STD
avoid unsafe sex, wear condom
HIV (virus) causes acute illness not death (immune dificiency). It’s not a quick killer
gonorrhea (bacteria) infects the cervix and creates discharge
Rabies
viral infection transfered from rabid animals like dogs and bats..
if detected / treated late - it’s almost fatal
symptoms
malaise, violent, headache, fever, pathological fear of water
treatment
after a bit, wash with soap for 5 min
treat with iodine and antiseptic
go to hospital and take a 10 course injection
Must be done within 10 days of the attack
Infections from food/water contamination
Typhoid
cholera
bacterial infections
TB
cholera
Typhoid
viral infection
Hepatitis
Dysentery
bacterial infection passed by skin
from contaminated water/food
causes blood in feces, diarrohea, dehydration
also lethal if untreated like cholera
you depart from place where infectious disease are conducted by insects..what should you do?
need to to do ‘disinsection’
1) Long term treatment of all the surfaces (except food) with insecticidis in interavals (usually lasting 8 weeks)
2) spray cabin with aerosol spray not toxic to humans. should be done far in advance but least 30 min before landing
long term treatment is preferrable to avoid exposure of humans
when it comes to using local water
use bottled
use purifiying tablets/minerals
boil/drink hot water
Gastroentiritis
vomit, nausea, cramp
can be caused by bacteria and germs
can cause incapacitation in flight
**to protect:
**wash hands always
should drink water to hydrate
do not drink local water / ice
avoid seafood
eat well cooked food
avoid vood washed with local water or not washed well.
avoid brushing teeth iwth tap water
Malaria
from mosquita bites or protozoic parasites
flu like syptomsom, sweats, pain, headache and diarrohoea
medicinal treatment
denge fever
from mosquita bites in south east asia mainly
flu like syptomsom for a week, internal bleeding
+ Denge fever shock (post effects)
vaccination is available but no treatment
