diet Flashcards
2 requirements for healthy diet
water and food diet
water is important because..
a. it’s the major constituent of the body
b. in electrolyte form, it is the means of generating action potentials essential for healthy nervous system
what does long deprivation of food do
can lead to disease to do lack of nutrients
what does short term deprivation of food do
Hypoglycemia - blood sugar falling triggering feeling of hunger.
you do not eat, you get giddy, faint, weak
components of healthy diet
Carbs (glucose) - sugars essential for energy
protein - needed for tissue repair and muscle building
fats - rich source of energy
Unsaturated fat: plant oils
Saturated: meats, eggs
*body can’t make unsaturated fats that have essential acids
minerals - obtained from diet like zinc, iron, calcium for over good health
vitamins - body can’t produce them
obesity
person has excessive stores of fat
risks
athiritis
diabetes type 2
blood clot/pulmonary embolus
reduced ability withstand g forces
joing pain, limb pain, backpain
gall bladder disease
heart disease/cardiovascual diseas/heart stroke
sleep apnoea (fat deposits in pharynx, blocking airways)
inability to deal with hypoxia
inability to deal with decompression sickness
hypertention (high blood pressure). NOT LOW./HYPO
how to distinguish overweight from obese
through BMI
BMI =
weight kg/Height m2
between 25 to 30 = overweight
over 30 is obese
Diabetes
condition affecting the pancreas which fails to secrete enough insulin.
The body becomes resistant to insulin and renders it ineffective
**TYPE 1
**autoimmune diesease where body is distroying cells that produce insulin needed to transfer sugar in the blood to cells. Without insulin, sugar will not be transported, and it accumulates in the blood === high blood sugar (distroys organs, etc)
TYPE 2
**appears usually in adutlts, and first symptoms is sudden weight loss.
**
can be caused by obeseity, family hisotry, low activity levels, bad diet
Insulin
secreted after a meal
the hormone controls the uptake of glucose from the blood.
hyperglycemia
if there is very little insulin secreated, then there is too much sugars in the blood = hyperglycemia
hypoglycemia
excessive low sugar in the blood can cause
incoherency, mental confusion, coma
can be caused by not eating regularly
low supply of sugar for the brain
syptomps:
Nervousness
sweating
intense hunger
lack of concentration
trembling
palpitation
trouble speaking
headache
solution: eat simple and complex sugar/candy/bread
Type 2 and pilots
will be disqualified from flying
fitness level
a high one is not required but good to maintain one due to the medical tests
physical excerices in high temp may cause
heat cramps
dueo to dehydration and losing electrolytes
happens to abdomen , calves and arms
happen later at night
prevent it by replacing electrolytes
