Intoxication Flashcards
types of hazardous toxic material
Hydraullic Oil
Fuels
Anti-icing
fire distinguishers
cabin plastic
solvents/degreasers
exhaust gas
batteries
composite materials
how to protect from hazardous materials
avoid them
wear protective gear
wash them off if in contact
In flight, put on 100% oxygen, ventilate cabin, decscend, land and evactuate
hydraullic oils
contain toxic chemicals for the skin. Wash them off.
fuels
toxic to skin
gases can cause drowsiness and dizziness
carcinogenic gases
anti icing
can affect the central nervous system, kindeys and heart
fire extinguisher
can be toxic if used in confined place without breathing apparatus because of ‘BCF/Halon’
batteries
has hydrochloric acid damaging to human tissue. need lots of water to wash it off
exhaust gases
has carbon monoxide
solvents and de greasers
fumes and chemicals that are toxic
cabin plastic
fumes/cyanide etc that are released when burnt
electiral insulation
when burnt, release toxic fumes
composite materials
contain fiberglass, etc that when broken, they release tiny materials that are easiy enhaled and bring on asbestosis - type symptoms
what is the definition of intoxication
temporary and reversable effects of a substance on the body and brain.
what are the 3 main ones
caffeine
nicotine
alcohol
Effects:
stroke
heart attack
cancer (larynx, mouth, throat, pancreas)
lung disease
emphysema (shortness of breath)
How does nicotine work
it’s a stimulant at low doses (helps concentrate, improves memory and arousal)..
and it’s a relaxant at high dosage (sedative)
nitcotine isn’t a carcinogenic but can hinder hte body’s ability to get rid of mutant cells
effect of tobacco
contains: carbon monoxide & cyanide -
reduce elasticity of alveoli and clogs its surface, so oxygen doesn’t diffuse properly into the blood
increase illness due to reduce immunity
bind to the blood cells and reduce oxygen binding - hypoxia
narroiwn of blood vessels/increase vescosity of the blood - increase stroke risk
**less tollerance to g- force
**
affect cell division in the heart, altering the heart shape
caffeine
**physcoactive stimulant that acts on the central nervous system - increases alertness, wakefulness, improves muscle coordination
it’s also a vasodilator - relaxes blood vessels whicn can increase uptake of medicine.
how much is an overdose
150-250 mg/day is moderate
300 - 400 mg is excessive
600-750 ms is caffeinsim
1000 mg is toxic
dark chocolate
30 g has 20mg of caffeine
symptoms
jitters
increased heart rate/rapid heart beat
reslessness
excessive urination
nervousness
insomnia
severe overdose:
mania, delusions, depression
Alcohol
Also a physcoactive drug but..
it’s a depressant
affects central nervouse system and inner ear (balance)
alters ‘consciousness’
absorbed from stomach/intestine quickly into the blood
doses of alcohol
it can degrade performance at 0.04%
can be fatal at 0.4%
pilots can have 0.02% max (20mg/100 ml blood) whenever performing any duty in aviation
however, pilots should not drink 24 hours prior to flying.
effects
in mild doses:
relaxtion, euphoria, sense of well being
in moderate doses:
reduce inhibition, over confidence, impulusive, imparied judgement
in slightly high doses:
drowsiness, delayed reaction , sedative
in very high dosage
unconsciousness , death, emotional instability
in high altitude, effects are worse to less oxygen
alchohol and drugs
when mixed, can cause adverse effects
alcohol and sleep
in low doses, alcohol can increase your sleep time and decrease wakefulness.
however, you get less REM
this will lead to sleep deprevation, chronic fatigue, irritability, memory loss
sleeping will not speed removal of alchol from body (in fact, it slows it down)
alcohol and hypoxia
alcohol reduces the tolerance to mild hypoxia conditions
chronic alcohol abuse
effects the inner ear & balance
scarring of the iver
inflamation of pancreas
epilipesy
dementia
peripheral nerve damage
malnutrition
sexual disfunction
death
alcholism
Alcoholism
alcohol dependency
increased tolerance to alcohol
initial warning symptons
gulping 1st drink
needing it to feel good
feeling guilt after drinking
irritable if people confront you about drinking
drinking well after everyone is done
full blown alcoholism
drinking alone secretely or after a night of socializing
loss of memory from binge drinking
constantly thinking about the next drink
concealing the amount you drink from others
prefer drinking over a meal
drinking in the morning
morning after shakes
drinking even knowing it’s bad for you
can’t control the intake, can’t admit or cknoweledge the problem
u if you suspect a pilot is drunk before a flight
first you ask the person to not fly and to seek assitance…
if this doesn’t work, you must report it
alcohol unit
1 unit = 10 ml
how long does it take to eliminate 1 unit
1 unit (10ml) takes 15 - 45 min to eliminate
or
0.1-0.15 mille per hour
REGULATIONS
Easa regulation states 0.2 per mill is national limit (0.02%) at the start of the flight duty
no alchol should be consumed 8 hrs prioro to reporting time for duty or the commencement of standby
No acohol to be consumed during the flight duty period or on standby
Operators generally go with 0.0 per mill
what helps the body eliminate it
mainly metabolism
when can a pilot fly if drank
for a small amount, minimum 8 hrs
which characteristics are factors in development of alcoholism
genetic factors
(twins, having addicted parents,levels of dopamine released)
calming effects
access to cheap alcohol
socio-cultural background
breathing fumes (fume event) may cause
dissiness, headache, disorientation
shortness of breath
nausea/vomit
blue lips and nails (cyanide) from hypoxia
fatigue
cought/dyspnae
blackout is not a result of fume event
black out is caused by
positive g force
which toxins cause issues if not contained
hydrollic (cause blindness and skin damanage)
fuel (cancer causing)
engine oil (least harmful)
electric short circuit and smouldering fire in electronics bacy can cause
headache
cough/breathing issues
nausea / vomit
fume event happens whn
- burning interior
- toxic fumes from dangerous goods in luggage/passenger cabing
- smouldering fires from electric systems short ciruits, burning cigarettes, etc)
- Air conditioning system (anti-cice fluid sprayed into fresh air inlets, lubricating/hydraulic fluid leeking into it because of damaged pumps, system failure releasing hot, unmixed bleed air into AC ducts)
**what doesn’t cause it - **
overheating breaks can cause fire but happens outside the cabins so no exposure to fumes
Engine and APU fires are detected before components melt
what can cause dangerous fumes when released during a fire on the plane
cabin furnishing when burnt.
hyraulic fluid second
What doesn’t??
fire distinguisher, anti-ice fuild are not the ‘cause’ of fumes during a fire)
