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Anatomy And Phys 1 > Lb 2 Exm > Flashcards

Lb 2 Exm Flashcards

1
Q

Forms the external body covering and protects deeper tissues from injury. Synthesizes, vitamin D, and houses cutaneous receptors (pain and pressure) and sweat and oil glands.

A

Integumentary system

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2
Q

Protects and supports body organs and provides a framework of the muscles used to cause movement. Blood cells are formed within bones. Bone stores minerals.

A

Skeletal system

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3
Q

Allows manipulation of the environment, local motion, and facial expression. Maintains posture and produces heat.

A

Muscular system

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4
Q

As the fast acting control, system of the body, in response to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.

A

Nervous system

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5
Q

Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes, such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells

A

Endocrine system

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6
Q

Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc. The heart pumps blood.

A

Cardiovascular system

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7
Q

Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns at to blood. Disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream. House is white blood cells (lymphocytes) involved in immunity. The immune response mounts the attack against foreign substances within the body

A

Lymphatic system/immunity

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8
Q

Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. The gaseous exchange occur through the walls of the air sacks of the lungs.

A

Respiratory system

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9
Q

Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to the body cells. Indigestible food stuffs are eliminated as feces.

A

Digestive system

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10
Q

Eliminates nitrogenates waste from the body. Regulates, water, electrolyte, and acid base balance of the blood.

A

Urinary system

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11
Q

Overall function is production of offspring. Testes produce sperm and male sex hormone, and male ducts and glands aid in delivery of sperm to the female reproductive tract

A

Male reproductive system

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12
Q

Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones. The remaining female structures trim as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus. Mammary glands of female breast produce milk to nourish the newborn

A

Female reproductive system

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13
Q

Layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep

A

stratum corneum, stratum lucidum (found only in thick skin), stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum (largest), stratum basale.

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14
Q

Most common cells in epidermis are

A

Keratinocytes

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15
Q

Dendritic cells

A

Immunity

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16
Q

Melanocytes

A

Melanin

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17
Q

Touch receptors

A

Merkel cells, tactile cells, or tactile discs

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18
Q

Deepest layer composed of single layer of cells, actively dividing keratinocytes plus Merkel cells and melanocytes scattered throughout. Undergoing mitosis

A

Stratum basale

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19
Q

several layers of keratinocytes with cytoplasm shrinking. Largest layer

A

Stratum spinosum

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20
Q

3-5 layers, nulcei and organelles degenerate as cells begin to die, keratin accumulates in cytoplasm. Very dark

A

Stratum granulosum

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21
Q

only in THICK SKIN, 2-5 layers
of dead cells, appears CLEAR

A

Stratum lucidum

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22
Q

dead cells that slough off

A

Stratum corneum

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23
Q

Layers of the dermis

A

Papillary layer-20%, reticular layer- 80%

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24
Q

Which layer in the dermis is made of loose areolar connective tissue?

A

Papillary layer

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25
Q

Which layer in the dermis is made of dense irregular connective tissue?

A

Reticular layer

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26
Q

What is responsible for fingerprints

A

Dermal papillae in papillary layer

27
Q

Where are sweat and sebaceous glands, hair follicles, Pacinian Corpuscles located?

A

Reticular layer of the dermis

28
Q

contracts (piloerection/goosebumps) due to cold, stress, emotional response. Attaches to hair shaft to the epidermis

A

Arrector pili muscle

29
Q

associated with hair follicle, active at puberty in axillary, anal, and genital areas. Attach on hair follicles

A

Apocrine sweat gland

30
Q

cover most surfaces of the body, temperature regulation. Located throughout the body. Not attached to hair folicle, and goes up into the epidermis

A

Eccrine sweat glands

31
Q

sweat glands of the ear, produce cerum (ear wax), lubricate tympanic membrane

A

Ceruminous glands

32
Q

associated with hair follicles, secrete sebum (oil). Attached to hair follicle. On the scalp.

A

Sebaceous glands

33
Q

Diaphysis

A

The central shaft of the long bone

34
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Located in the center of the diaphysis. Contains yellow and red bone marrow (was all red at birth).

35
Q

Endosteum

A

connective tissue layer lining medullary
cavity

36
Q

Epiphysis

A

Ends of the long bones that are covered in hyaline articular cartilage

37
Q

Periosteum

A

thick fibrous covering on the
surface, lots of blood vessels

38
Q

1st degree burn

A

Just penetrating the epidermis

39
Q

2nd degree burn

A

Blisters, in the dermis

40
Q

3rd degree burn

A

Penetrates the hypodermis, turns black

41
Q

Mature bone cells that originated from osteoblasts

A

Osteocytes

42
Q

immature bone cells that deposit organic matrix (become trapped in lacunae in the process)

A

Osteoblasts

43
Q

open space holding osteocytes

A

Lacunae

44
Q

tightly packed cylindrical structures in the bone

A

Osteon

45
Q

Concentric rings made of matrix around a central Haversian canal (osteon)

A

Lamellae

46
Q

central canal with blood vessels and nerves

A

Haversian canal

47
Q

Tiny canals that connect lacunae, allows nutrients & O2 distribution

A

Canaliculi

48
Q

connect Haversian canals perpendicularly

A

Volkmann’s (perforating) canals

49
Q

Build bone, endosteum

A

Osteoblasts

50
Q

release lysosomal enzymes and acids to digest bone are release Ca2+ and Phosphorous -> called bone resorption. (Remodel bones and cause them to release calcium; bone resorption). Chew bone and spit it up

A

Osteoclast

51
Q

Bone stem cells that can turn into any type of cell

A

Osteogenic cells

52
Q

Spongy bone

A

No OSTEONS! Osteocytes located in branched trabeculae. Osteocytes still in lacunae and interconnected via canaliculi. Lamellae also still present

53
Q

Cervical vertebral bones

A

(C1-C7) Has holes

54
Q

C1

A

Atlas. Facet for dens of axis. Very flat, atlas, holds the world. On top of vertebrate

55
Q

C2

A

Axis. Has dens ( a bump)

56
Q

Thoracic

A

(T 1 – T 12) Looks like a giraffe. Long sharp spinous process.

57
Q

Lumbar

A

(L 1 – L5) Thick body and short spinous process. Looks like a moose/thicker. 

58
Q

Sacral

A

Five fused vertebra sacrum( butt area)

59
Q

Coccyx

A

Two little bones on bottom (tail bones) underneath the sacral

60
Q

The parts of the sternum from superior to inferior

A

Manubrium (top), body (middle), xyphoid process (bottom)

61
Q

True ribs

A

1-7

62
Q

False ribs

A

8-12

63
Q

Floating ribs

A

11&12

Anatomy And Phys 1 (39 decks)

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