Ch 3

Question 1

Cell can be subdivided into three parts

Answer 1

Plasma (membrane), cytoplasm, nucleus

Question 2

Cholesterol in the plasma membrane function

Answer 2

Controls fluidity of membrane on both sides

Question 3

____ serves to stabilize the membrane and maintain optimal membrane fluidity

Answer 3

Cholesterol

Question 4

The lipid bilayer is always permeable to what

Answer 4

Small, nonpolar, uncharged molecules. EX: 02, CO2, most steroids.

Question 5

How are macromolecules only able to pass the plasma membrane?

Answer 5

Vesicular transport

Question 6

The charge difference between a concentration gradient and an electrical gradient

Answer 6

Membrane potential

Question 7

A concentration gradient, and an electrical gradient together is

Answer 7

Electrochemical gradient

Question 8

Simple diffusion is influenced by

Answer 8

Steepness of the concentration gradient (the greater the difference in concentration the higher the rate of diffusion), temperature (higher temp equals faster), mass (smaller is faster), surface area (large the surface area, the faster diffusion rate), diffusion distance (shorter is better)

Question 9

Water travels from

Answer 9

A higher concentration of solutes , which is a low concentration of water. Water follows sodium.

Question 10

Symporters

Answer 10

Move two substances in the same direction

Question 11

Antiporters

Answer 11

Move two substances in different directions

Question 12

Phagocytosis

Answer 12

A form of endocytosis in white blood cells

Question 13

What is cellular drinking and cellular eating?

Answer 13

Pinocytosis and phagocytosis

Question 14

Transcytosis.

Answer 14

A combination of endocytosis and exocytosis used to move substances from one side of a self across it, and out of the other side. Ex: intestines

Question 15

Centrosome

Answer 15

 Growth of the mitotic spindle and microtubule formation, pulling DNA into mitosis

Question 16

Cilia and flagella

Answer 16

Cilia: move fluids over cells surface; flagella: move the entire cell (only in sperm)

Question 17

Peroxisome

Answer 17

Containing oxidases, (oxidative enzyme) and catalase. Detoxifies, hydrogen peroxide and associated free radicals (antioxidants)

Question 18

Proteasome

Answer 18

Degrades, unneeded, damaged, or faulty proteins by cutting them up into small peptides

Question 19

Microvilli

Answer 19

Increase surface area for absorption of nutrients

Question 20

Microfilaments

Answer 20

Made of myosin and actin, (help generate movement, muscle contraction, cell division, cell local motion) and provide mechanical support to inside the cell

Question 21

Intermediate filaments

Answer 21

Protect cell from mechanical stress, and help organize cells organelles, cell attachment

Question 22

Microtubules

Answer 22

Tubulin, cell shape, movement of organelles, chromosomal movement, make up cilia and flagella

Question 23

Autophagy vs Autolysis

Answer 23

Autophagy usually refers to an ordered and purposeful digestion of cellular components. It’s basically the way a cell can deal with unused or poorly folded proteins. This is a normal cellular process. Autolysis on the other hand occurs when digestive enzymes leak out of lysosomes and start destroying the cell.

Question 24

Transcription takes place in

Answer 24

The nucleus

Question 25

Translation takes place in

Answer 25

The cytoplasm

Question 26

Linking amino acids to form final chain

Answer 26

Translation

Question 27

Cell cycle

Answer 27

Somatic cells duplicate their DNA and divide into two cells

Question 28

Differentiation

Answer 28

When embryonic stem cells develop into specific body system cells

Question 29

Telomeres

Answer 29

Are found at the tips of chromosomes and protect them from erosion and from sticking together (proteins)