Exm 2 (ch 5)

Question 1

Function of integumentary system

Answer 1

Helps the body maintain its temperature
• Converts inactive vitamin D to its active form
• Provides sensory information – cutaneous sensations
• Helps maintain homeostasis in a number of ways
- Excretion and absorption

Question 2

Avascular (no blood vessels)

Answer 2

Epidermis

Question 3

Vascular layer of the skin

Answer 3

Dermis

Question 4

Composed of areolar and adipose tissue. Vascular, Pacinian (lamellated corpuscles)

Answer 4

Hypodermis

Question 5

Which layer in the dermis is made of loose areolar connective tissue?

Answer 5

Papillary layer

Question 6

Which layer in the dermis is made of dense irregular connective tissue?

Answer 6

Reticular layer

Question 7

Layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep

Answer 7

stratum corneum, stratum lucidum (found only in thick skin), stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum (largest), stratum basale.

Question 8

The four major cells in the epidermis

Answer 8

Keratinocytes (90%, produce keratin (protective and waterproof)), Melanocytes (8%), Intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhans cells), Tactile epithelial cells (Merkel cells) (located in the stratum basale (deep layer))

Question 9

25-30 layers of dead keratinocyte cells, cytoplasm replaced with keratin. Most layer of cells

Answer 9

Stratum corneum

Question 10

constant exposure to friction causes increased cell production and keratin production in theses areas

Answer 10

Callus

Question 11

4-6 layers of clear dead keratinocytes, only in thick skin of palms/soles, provides additional toughness to these areas. Is clear

Answer 11

Stratum lucidum (only present in thick skin)

Question 12

3-5 layers of keratinocytes undergoing apoptosis (cell death), contains keratin precursor (keratohyalin) that can be converted to active, not on hands or soles of feet, lipid rich secretion, divides mitotic strata from dead cells. and spilling its contents to be released into the upper layer

Answer 12

Stratum granulosum

Question 13

8-10 layers of dividing keratinocytes, spiky desmosomes, dendritic cells and melanocyte projections

Answer 13

Stratum spinosum

Question 14

single row of rapidly diviging keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile
epithelial cells (Merkel cells). Undergoing cell division.

Answer 14

Stratum basale

Question 15

As cells move from deep to superficial epidermal layers they accumulate more and more keratin

Answer 15

Keratinization

Question 16

hormone produced that stimulates cells of the
stratum basale to divide

Answer 16

Epidermal growth factor

Question 17

Superficial portion of dermis (about one- fifth); consists of areolar connective tissue with thin collagen and fine elastic fibers; contains dermal ridges that house blood capillaries, tactile corpuscles, and free nerve endings.

Answer 17

Papillary region

Question 18

Deeper portion of dermis (about four- fifths); consists of dense irregular connective tissue with bundles of thick collagen and some coarse elastic fibers. Spaces between fibers contain some adipose cells, hair follicles, nerves, sebaceous glands, and sudoriferous glands

Answer 18

Reticular region

Question 19

produced by melanocytes in the
stratum basale

Answer 19

Melanin

Question 20

red pigment in red blood
cells

Answer 20

Hemoglobin

Question 21

yellow-orange pigment stored in
the stratum corneum and adipose tissue

Answer 21

Carotene

Question 22

the inherited inability to produce melanin. Results in complete or partial absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes.

Answer 22

Albinism

Question 23

is a chronic disorder characterized
by partial or complete loss of
melanocytes from patches of skin
producing irregular white spots. The loss of melanocytes is related to an immune system malfunction where antibodies attack melanocytes.

Answer 23

Vitiligo

Question 24

________ are connected to hair follicles
• Produce sebum (oil),
• Sebum: fats, cholesterol, degenerating cell parts, softens hair and prevents water loss

Answer 24

Sebaceous (oil) glands

Question 25

_____ are sweat glands. Eccrine and apocrine

Answer 25

Sudoriferous glands

Question 26

are modified sweat glands
located in the ear canal, specialized apocrine glands

Answer 26

Ceruminous glands

Question 27

muscles extend from the
papillary dermis of the skin to the dermal root sheath at the base of the hair follicle
• This muscle contracts during physiological or emotional stress such as cold or fright – causes “goosebumps”

Answer 27

Arrector pili