Exm 2 (ch 6) Flashcards
(bone shaft) – long cylindrical main portion
Diaphysis
(both ends of the bone at the joints)
• Made of spongy bone and has either red or yellow bone marrow
Epiphysis
(region between diaphysis and epiphysis)
• Contains the epiphyseal growth plates
Metaphyses
covers both epiphyses
Articular cartilage
(connective tissue surrounding the diaphysis)
• Dense irregular fibrous connective tissue
Periosteum
(hollow space within diaphysis)
• Contains yellow bone marrow and blood vessels
Medullary cavity
(thin membrane lining the medullary cavity)
Endosteum
Anywhere a bone contacts a joint
Articulation
the production of blood cells and platelets, which occurs in the bone marrow.
Hemopoesis
Most abundant mineral salt in bone is
calcium phosphate
(bone stem cells able to differentiate into the
other types of cells)
Osteoprogenitor cells
(bone-building cells that secrete matrix; initiate calcification)
Osteoblasts
Mature bone cells. Sits in lacunae
Osteocytes
(remodel bones and cause them to release calcium; bone resorption). Chew up bone and spit up
Osteoclasts
(accompanied by nerves) enter the diaphysis through Volkmann’s canals. They are accompanied by periosteal veins.
Periosteal arteries
enters the center of the diaphysis through a nutrient foramen. Nutrient veins exit via the same canal
Nutrient artery
(also called communicating canals or perforating canals) run
perpendicular to the bone and
connect Haversian canals that run
parallel
Volksmanns canals
fun through the center of concentric rings of lamellae and carry nerves and blood vessels
Haversian canals
(mature bone cells) lie in lacunae (small spaces) and share nutrients with each other via canaliculi
Osteocytes
increase in width
Appositional growth
Growth between cells by mature chondrocytes; length
Interstitial growth
Does cartilage have blood vessels?
NO
Bone replaces ct
Ossification
occurs in flat bones when a connective tissue membrane is replaced by bone in the developing embryo and fetus
Intramembranous ossification
Osteoblasts cluster at ________
Ossification center
cells are now osteocytes with canaliculi projections, soon
calcium and other mineral salts deposited and extracellular matrix hardens
Calcification
Intramembranous Ossification steps
- Development of ossification center
- Calcification
- Formation of spongy bone trabeculae
- Development of the periosteum
Endochondral ossification
Converts hyaline cartilage into bone
Endochondral ossification steps
- Development of cartilage model
- Growth of cartilage model
- Development of primary ossification center
- Development of the medullary (marrow) cavity
- Development of secondary ossification centers
- Formation of articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate
Bone lengthening steps
- Zone of calcified matrix (dead chondrocytes and
calcified matrix) – closer to diaphysis - Zone of hypertrophic cartilage – large mature
chondrocytes - Zone of proliferating cartilage (cells divide to replace
dying chondrocytes) - Zone of resting cartilage – anchors epiphyseal plate to
epiphysis – closest to epiphyses
(dead chondrocytes and
calcified matrix) – closer to diaphysis
Zone of calcified matrix
Large mature chondrocytes
Zone of hypertrophic cartilage
(cells divide to replace
dying chondrocytes)
Zone of proliferating cartilage
anchors epiphyseal plate to
epiphysis – closest to epiphyses
Zone of resting cartilage
removal of minerals and collagen fibers from bone by
osteoclasts
Bone Resorption
addition of minerals and collagen fibers to bone by
osteoblasts
Bone deposition
