Anatomy Of The Eye Flashcards
lids of skin that cover the upper and lower part of the eye (eyelids)
Palpebrae
clear mucus membranes that line the eyelids (palpebral conjunctivae) and line the anterior white of the eye (bulbar conjunctiva)
Conjunctivae
junction where the eye meets medially and laterally
Medial and lateral commissures
in superiolateral aspect of the orbit of the eye.
Lacrimal gland
(inferior and superior): two lateral openings in the medial aspect of each eyelid
Lacrimal punctum
Lacrimal punctum connects two _______ (inferior and superior)
lacrimal canaliculus
single pouch in the medial orbital wall
Lacrimal sac
tube that empties into the nasal cavity
Nasolacrimal duct
Moves eye laterally
Lateral rectus. VI abducens
Moves eye medially
Medial rectus. III oculomotor
Elevates the eye and turns it medially
Superior rectus. III
depresses the eye and turns it medially
Inferior rectus. III
elevates the eye and turns it laterally
Inferior oblique. III
depresses the eye and turns
it laterally
Superior oblique. IV trochlear
Superior oblique is connected to the eye via a tendon pulley system using the
trochlea
“whites” of the eye, helps to maintain the shape of the eye and serves as an attachment for the extrinsic eye muscle
Sclera
structurally continuous with the sclera, transparent, bulges anteriorly, no blood vessels, major light bending (refraction) medium of the eye
Cornea
rich in blood-vessels that help nourish the other layers of the eye, melanin helps absorb excess light
Choroid
changes in shape based on whether the person is looking near or farther away ( accommodation is the reflex)
Lens
contracts or relaxes to change the shape of
the lens
Ciliary body
connect the ciliary body to the lens
Suspensory ligaments
anterior part of the vascular layer that is pigmented (eye color) with two layers of smooth muscle ( pupillary sphincter muscle and pupillary dilator muscle)
Iris
central opening in the middle of the iris where light enters
Pupil
receive light stimuli
that is routed to the brain
• Outer pigmented layer
• Inner neural layer – rods and cones closest to this
Photoreceptor
Neural stimulus travels from _______ ->_________ ->__________ -> gather at the optic disc and exit the eye to form the optic nerve (II)
rods and cones, bipolar cells, retinal ganglion cells
HAS NO PHOTORECEPTORS
Optic disc (blind spot)
Has high photoreceptor concentration
Macula lutea
Highest visual acuity is called the
Fovea
ciliary body is relaxed and the lens is flattened. Normal vis
Emmotrophic state
ciliary muscle contracts allowing
the lens to become thicker
Accommodation
Eyeball is too long and the
image is focused in front of the retina
Myopia (nearsightedness)
Eyeball is shorter than normal
and the image is focused behind the retina
Hyperopia (farsightedness)
the lens loses its elastic shape
making it more difficult to focus on close objects
Presbyopia
closest distance that an individual is able to focus on an object
Near point of accommodation
Color blindness occurs more frequently in males because it is an
X-linked trait
axons of retinal ganglion cells
join and exit the eye to form the optic nerve
Optic disc
The_____ does NOT contain ANY
photoreceptors at the “blind spot”. Cranial nerve II
retina
deep to the stapes and transmits vibrations from the stapes to the perilymph of the inner ear
Oval window
connects the middle ear to the superior portion of the pharynx
Pharyngotmypanic (auditory) tube
Contraction of the_____ muscle helps
equalize pressure
tensor tympani
The cochlea analyzes different frequencies along it’s spiraled length using the basilar membrane which varies in stiffness or resonance along its length . What section of cochlea is being stimulated
Pitch
caused by the amplitude of wave vibrations
Loudness
