Exm 3 (ch 11) Flashcards
Dominant muscle (prime mover)
Agonist ex: brachius
Relax to allow for movement 
Antagonist ex: trachius
Assist with movement in the same direction as the prime mover and help guide movement 
Synergist ex:brachialis
Attaches muscle to bone
Tendon
Attaches bones to bones
Ligaments
Ligaments and tendons are made out of the same material
Dense regular connective tissue 
the attachment to the stationary
bone, muscle arises from here
Origin
the attachment to the moveable
bone
Insertion
fleshy portion between the tendons
Belly
of muscle are the main movements that occur when the muscle contracts
Actions
The pivot system (the joints)
Fulcrums
What serves as levers
Bones
Opposes movement. Weight of object/resistance.
Load
force of muscle contraction at
insertion.
Effort
fulcrum(joint) is between the effort(muscle) and the resistance(load)
• Ex: teeter totter or see-saw
ex: raising head or face
• effort(muscle)->fulcrum(joint)->load
First class lever
resistance(load) is between the fulcrum(joint) and the effort(muscle)
• Ex: wheelbarrow
• effort(handles)->load(bucket)-> fulcrum(wheel)
• Raising the balls of the feet
Second class lever
effort(muscle) between the fulcrum(joint) and the resistance(load)
• Ex: Bicep curl
fulcrum->effort->load
Third class lever (most common)
fibers run parallel to each other
• Ex: frontalis muscle
Fasciculi(parallel)
fibers run parallel to each other but taper off at the ends
• Ex: biceps brachii
Fushiform
muscle fascicles in concentric circular arrangements form a
sphincter muscle that encloses and orifice (opening)
• Ex: orbicularis oculi muscle
Circular
broad origin and narrow insertion (convergent or triangular)
ex: subscapularis or pectoralis major
Triangular
arrangements are feather-like and has fascicles that are short compared to length of the tendon(tendon extends nearly the
entire length)
Pennate
muscle has fascicles on only one side (extensor digitorum)
Unipennate
muscle fascicles are on both sides of the centrally positioned tendons (rectus femoris and deltoid)
Bipennate and multipennate
