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Anatomy And Phys 1 > Exm 2 (ch 4) > Flashcards

Exm 2 (ch 4) Flashcards

1
Q

The four basic types of tissues

A

Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous

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2
Q

Cells can be held together in a number of ways. These points of contact between cells are called

A

Cell junctions

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3
Q

Where do you cell junctions most commonly occur

A

Epithelial tissues

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4
Q

Weblike strands of transmembrane proteins that fuse together the outer surfaces of adjacent cell plasma membranes. In areas like the stomach, intestinal, urinary bladder.

A

Tight junctions

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5
Q

Contains plaques (like a belt) attaching to both membrane proteins and microfilaments of cytoskeleton. Cadherins (belt buckle) joins the cells. Helps the cell resist separation. Not as tight, but is stable

A

Adhering junctions

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6
Q

Still plaques, but not attached to the microfilaments. Also have glycoprotein cadherins (belt buckle). Attached to the intermediate filaments instead (belt). Keep cells from pulling apart during construction. Found in epidermis and cardiac muscle cells.

A

Desmosomes

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7
Q

The difference between adhering junction and desmosomes

A

Adhering junctions are attached by microfilaments (actin) and desmosomes are attached by intermediate filaments (keratin).

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8
Q

Looks like half a desmosome. Have integrins instead of cadherins (buckle). Adhere to basement membrane via intermediate filaments (keratin). In a lot of epithelial tissues

A

Hemidesmosomes

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9
Q

Connexons connect the cells (buckle). Allow cells to share information in the form of neural or a muscular impulses. Cardiac cells and nerve cells. Wants ions to flow.

A

Gap junctions

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10
Q

mnemonic that is from tightest to loosest of cell junctions

A

Tamakis (tight junction) Ass (adhering junction) Does (desmosomes) Have (hemidesmosomes) Gas (gap junction)

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11
Q

Simple squamous epithelium location and function

A

Lines the lymphatic system, air sacs of lungs, and kidneys. Present outside of filtration (kidneys) or diffusion (lungs) and secretion in serious membranes

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12
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium function and location

A

Secretion absorption. Lines kidney tubules, and small ducts in (thyroid gland).

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13
Q

Non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium location and function

A

Has microvilli at end of apical surface (little projections that absorb). Lines ducts of many glands and the gallbladder. Secretion and absorption. Mucus lubricates lining of digestive, respiratory and reproductive tracts.

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14
Q

Ciliated columnar epithelium function and location

A

Has cilia at the end of apical surface (Hair like substance that propel mucus). In bronchioles, uterine tubes, uterus, paranasal sinuses, central canal of spinal cord, ventricles of brain and respiratory tract. Move some mucus in foreign particles areas

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15
Q

Goblet cells are in which two tissues

A

Non-ciliated simple Columnar epithelium and ciliated Columnar epithelium (but more here)

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16
Q

Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium Description, location, and function

A

Attached to the basement membrane in a single layer, some cells do not extend to the apical service. Lines epididymis, or male urethra. Absorption and secretion.

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17
Q

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium function, description, and location

A

All cells attached to the basement membrane in a single layer, but some do not extend the apical surface. Contains bear cilia . Upper respiratory tract. Secretes mucus that traps foreign particles, and cilia sweep away mucus for elimination from the body

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18
Q

The two types of stratified squamous epithelium and their function

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (contain keratin) and nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium (does not contain large amounts of keratin).
Protection, against abrasion, water trapped within body , UV radiation, and for an invasion

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19
Q

Keratinized stratified, squamous, epithelium location

A

Superficial layer of the skin

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20
Q

Nonkeratinized Stratified squamous epithelium 

A

Lines, wet surfaces (lining of the mouth, esophagus, part of epiglottis, part of pharynx and vagina)

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21
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium location and function

A

Has two or more layers of cells in apical layer are cube shaped. In sweat glands, esophageal glands, parts of male urethra. Protection, limited secretion absorption.

22
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium function and location

A

Lines urethra, some glands. Protection and secretion

23
Q

Urothelium/ Transitional epithelium

A

(Means not the same all the time) Blinds urinary bladder. Allows urinary organs to stretch and maintain protective, whining, while holding variable amounts of fluid without rupturing

24
Q

Endocrine epithelial it releases chems into bloodstream. Exocrine glands enter ducts that empty onto the surface of a covering/lining

A

Glandular epithelium

25
Q

Don’t lose cytoplasm, but produce secretion by exocytosis. Most endocrine glands. Mucus, salivary.

A

Merocrine glands

26
Q

End of the cell pinches off. Mammary glands.

A

Apocrine glands

27
Q

Whole cells of the gland disintegrate. Sebaceous glands were mature cell dies and cell division replaces it. Oil sebaceous glands of the skin

A

Holocrine glands

28
Q

Strong and resist pulling or stretching but not stiff which allows for flexibility. Bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments. Thick and not stiff.

A

Collagen fibers

29
Q

Strong, but can be stretched substantially without breaking, and can return to their original shape. Skin, blood vessels, lung tissue. Looks like a spring, stretchy.

A

Elastic fibers

30
Q

Produced by fibroblast, thinner than collagen fibers, provide support and strength. Provides stroma (supporting framework) for many soft organs, such as spleen and lymph nodes.

A

Reticular fibers

31
Q

Found in the basement membrane of epithelial tissue. Contains collagen, elastic , reticular fibers. Fibroblasts. Looks like a web

A

Loose areolar connective tissue

32
Q

Are large flat cells that move through connective tissue and secrete fibers and ground substance

A

Fibroblasts

33
Q

Are white blood cells that migrate to sides of parasitic infection and allergic responses

A

Eosinophils

34
Q

Is the material between cells and fibers. It is made of water and organic molecules. It’s sports, sells and fibers, buying some together, and provides a medium for exchanging substances between blood and cells

A

Ground substance

35
Q

Tendons and ligaments. Collagen. Are huge, compact, and strong

A

Dense regular ct

36
Q

Surrounds bone or cartilage, also in deep layers of skin. Collagen.

A

Dense irregular ct

37
Q

Chondrocytes are found in cartilage lacuna, surrounded by perichondrium. The most abundant cartilage in the body. At the end of long bones and the trachea. Find smooth surfaces for movement at joints, flexibility, and support, weakest type of cartilage and can be fractured

A

Supporting Connective Tissue: Hyaline Cartilage

38
Q

Has chondrocytes among clearly visible thick bundles of collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers. Public symphysis, intervertebral discs. strongest type of cartilage.

A

Supporting Connective Tissue: Fibrous Cartilage

39
Q

Has chondrocytes in a threadlike network of elastic fibers within extracellular matrix; perichondrium present. epiglottis, part of external ear (auricle). Provide strength and electricity, maintain shape of certain structure is. Strong, but stretchy

A

Supporting Connective Tissue: Elastic Cartilage

40
Q

Function: Specialized for storing triglycerides/fat. Doesn’t get more but increases size. Adults have white fat and fetuses an infants have brown fat

A

Adipose tissue (is ct)

41
Q

Located in stroma (supporting framework) of liver, spleen, lymph nodes, red, bone marrow, reticular lamina of basement membrane. Sift through surfaces. Very dark. Not as strong

A

Reticular connective tissue

42
Q

Concentric rings of extracellular matrix that consist of mineral salts (calcium and phosphates)

A

Lamellae

43
Q

Small spaces that contain bone cells called osteocytes, (houses chondrocytes in cartilage)

A

Lacunae

44
Q

Canals that connect osteocytes in lacunae

A

Canaliculi

45
Q

Inner bone that separates cavities

A

Trabeculae

46
Q

Blood vessels and nerves that run through the center of concentric Lamellae rings

A

Haversian canals

47
Q

Two types of membranes

A
  1. Epithelial membranes
    o Mucous membranes: open to exterior
    o Serous membranes: found in internal cavities
    o Cutaneous membranes: skin, covers surface of the body
  2. Synovial membranes- Where bones come together (joints)
48
Q

Multinucleated, striated, and voluntary

A

Skeletal muscle

49
Q

Desmosomes and gap junctions, striated and branched, involuntary. Not multinucleated

A

Cardiac muscle

50
Q

nonstriated, small spindle-shaped cell thickest in the middle, single central nucleus, involuntary

A

Smooth muscle

51
Q

Neural impulse that transmits electrical signals

A

Action potentials

Anatomy And Phys 1 (39 decks)

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