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Anatomy And Phys 1 > Ch 2 > Flashcards

Ch 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The more H+ makes body fluids more

A

Acidic

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2
Q

Generates action potentials (neural impulses)

A

Potassium

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3
Q

The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties and characteristics of an element

A

Atoms

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4
Q

Which structure separates thoracic cavity from the abdominalpelvic cavity

A

The diaphragm

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5
Q

Isotopes

A

Same element, different number of neutrons

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6
Q

(Radioactive isotopes) half life

A

Time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay into a more stable form

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7
Q

Ion

A

An atom that has lost or gained an electron. Positive or negative charge. Ex: Ca2+

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8
Q

Molecule

A

Two or more atoms sharing electrons. Ex: O2

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9
Q

Compound

A

A substance that can be broken down into two or more different elements. Ex: H2O or NaCl

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10
Q

Have an impaired electron in its outermost shell. Sources include UV rays from sunlight, ozone, x-rays, pollution, cigarette smoke.

A

Free radicals

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11
Q

Inactivates oxygen derived free radicals. Ex: Diet foods rich in selenium, vitamin C, zinc, beta carotene: fruits and vegetables

A

Antioxidants

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12
Q

Electronegativity

A

Ability to attract electrons

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13
Q

When does a chemical bond occur?

A

When atoms are held together by forces of attraction

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14
Q

What determines the likelihood that an atom will form a chemical bond with another atom?

A

The number of electrons in the valance shell

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15
Q

Ionic bonds

A

Bonds between positively charged and negatively charged atoms

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16
Q

Ionic bonds are super strong by themselves, but are able to break into individual + and - ions by:

A

Electrolytes

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17
Q

Covalent bonds

A

Two or more atoms share electrons instead of transferring them

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18
Q

Is water polar or non-polar?

A

Polar

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19
Q

Synthesis reactions – anabolism

A

When two or more ions, atoms or molecules combine to form new and larger molecules

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20
Q

Decomposition reactions- catabolism

A

When large molecules are split into smaller atoms, ions, atoms or molecules

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21
Q

Exchange reactions

A

Includes both synthesis and decomposition reaction. Just exchanging.

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22
Q

Oxidation reduction reactions

A

These reactions transfer electrons between atoms and molecules, and always a curtain parallel. Oxidation – loss of electrons and energy release. Reduction – gain of electrons and energy gain. (OIL RIG)

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23
Q

Exergonic reactions

A

Release more energy than they absorb

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24
Q

Endergonic reactions

A

Absorb more energy than they release

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25
Q

Activation energy

A

Energy needed to break the chemical bonds of the reactants

26
Q

Catalysts

A

Speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for reaction to occur

27
Q

Are unchanged no matter what even after reaction

28
Q

Is water considered inorganic or organic?

29
Q

Water is added to break bonds

A

Hydrolysis reaction

30
Q

Water is removed to make bonds

A

Dehydration synthesis reaction

31
Q

Solution

A

Solutes in a solution that are evenly dispersed. Ex: water and salt

32
Q

Colloid

A

Particles are large enough to scatter light. 

33
Q

Suspension

A

Material me mixed together, but will eventually separate out. EX: water and oil.

34
Q

Acids

A

Dissociate into one or more hydronium ions H+, protein donor

35
Q

Bases

A

Remove H+ from solution, and is a proton acceptor, can dissociate into hydroxyl ions OH–

36
Q

Salt

A

Dissociate into cations and anions in solution

37
Q

0-6 pH Highest concentration of H+

38
Q

8-14 pH Highest concentration of OH –

39
Q

7 pH

40
Q

Carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer system

A

Reversible action

41
Q

Non-digestible. Fiber, cleans out body organs.

42
Q

Polysaccharides

A

From tends to hundreds of monosaccharides, joined by dehydration synthesis. Glycogen, starch, and cellulose

43
Q

Ends in -ose

A

Some kind of carbohydrate/sugar

44
Q

Disaccharides are made by

A

Dehydration, synthesis reaction – water is made in the process

45
Q

Main polysaccharide

46
Q

Are lipids hydrophobic or hydrophilic

A

Hydrophobic/ nonpolar

47
Q

Lipids require transport proteins called ______, in order to travel in the blood 

A

Lipoproteins

48
Q

Most important type of lipid

A

Steroid: cholesterol

49
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids

A

Double bonds. Oil

50
Q

Saturated fatty acids

A

Solid at room temp

51
Q

Phospholipids

A

Amphipathic. Polar head, nonpolar tails

52
Q

What are the major lipids of the body?

A

Phospholipids, triglycerides, fatty acids, steroids

53
Q

Amino acids are bonded by

A

Peptide bonds, through dehydration synthesis

54
Q

Primary structure

A

1D, amino acids joined by covalent peptide bonds

55
Q

Secondary

A

2D, A helices and B pleated sheets. H bonds

56
Q

Tertiary

A

3-D shape of a polypeptide chain that determines function. Contains disulfide bonds, H bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions 

57
Q

Quaternary structure

A

Bonds hold peptide chains together. Different and many.

58
Q

Denaturation

A

Protein unravels and loses its shape

59
Q

Ends in -ase

A

Enzymes (proteins)

60
Q

How does the cell produce ATP?

A

Through cellular respiration

61
Q

Anaerobic

A

Without oxygen

62
Q

Aerobic

A

Requires oxygen

Anatomy And Phys 1 (39 decks)

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