Ch 15 (Exam 3) Flashcards
includes sensory and motor neurons. Sensory neurons are related to touch, pain, temperature, and proprioception (sense of self position), sight, hearing, taste, smell and equilibrium. Motor neurons innervate skeletal muscles.
The somatic nervous system
receives input from sensory receptors located in organs, blood vessels, muscles and the nervous system. Motor neurons innervate smooth muscle and cardiac muscle.
The autonomic nervous system
of spinal nerves NOT just autonomic ganglia – have cell bodies of sensory
Dorsal ganglia
Is on either side of the vertebral column
• Postsynaptic ganglia
Sympathetic chain (trunk) ganglion (or
paravertebral)
in front of the spinal column or close to large arteries in the abdomen – sympathetic
Collateral or prevertebral ganglion
near the effector or in walls of the effector – parasympathetic – reason hy parasympathetic has longer preganglionic fibers
Terminal ganglion or intramural ganglion
has its cell body in the central nervous
system and the axon extends to an autonomic ganglion.
• (myelinated)– first order
A preganglionic neuron
has its unmyelinated axon extending from the ganglion to the effector
• (unmyelinated) second order
A postganglionic neuron
Fight or flight
Sympathetic
Rest and digest
Parasympathetic
most organs receive stimuli from BOTH of these divisions. (Parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions)
Dual innervation
Pupil constriction
Parasympathetic
Pupil dilate
Sympathetic
slow heartbeat
Parasympathetic
Increased heartbeat
Sympathetic
Airways: constricts the bronchial tubules
Parasympathetic
Airways: dilates the bronchial tubules
Sympathetic
Liver: stimulates bile response
Parasympathetic
Liver: increase the rate of glycogen to glucose
Sympathetic
Sweat glands: stimulates secretion
Sympathetic
Blood vessels constriction
Parasympathetic
Digestive system: stimulates activity
Parasympathetic
Digestive system: decrease activity
Sympathetic
Adrenal glands: stimulates the production of adrenaline
Sympathetic
Uterus relaxation
Parasympathetic
Uterus vaginal contraction
Sympathetic
Urinary system: increase the urinary output
Parasympathetic
Urinary system: relaxes bladder
Sympathetic
The nerves are craniosacral in the
Parasympathetic system
The the nerves are thoracolumbar in
Sympathetic system
Preganglionic neurons are shorter or longer than postganglionic in parasympathetic
Longer
Preganglionic neurons are shorter or longer than postganglionic in sympathetic
Shorter
release acetylcholine as their
neurotransmitter
Cholinergic neurons
____ neurons of both parasympathetic and sympathetic
Preganglionic
neurons of sympathetic that specifically innervate sweat glands
Postganglionic
What activates sweat glands
Acetylcholine
What receptors bing to acetylcholine
Cholinergic
bind acetylcholine released from preganglionic neurons in both sympathetic and parasympathetic
Nicotinic receptors
bind acetylcholine released from postganglionic neurons in parasympathetic effectors and sympathetic effector sweat glands
Muscarinic receptors
postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system that release epinephrine and norepinephrine
Adrenergic neurons
bind epinephrine and norepinephrine in sympathetic effectors
Adrenergic receptors
two connections between spinal nerve ad ganglion of sympathetic trunk
Rami
myelinated axon of preganglionic neurons
White ramus
unmyelinated axons of postganglionic fibers
Grey ramus
What neurons secrete acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter and are thus called cholinergic neurons
(Sympathetic)
Preganglionic
Cholinergic neurons Can stimulate postsynaptic neurons by binding to
(Sympathetic)
Nicotinic receptors
What neurons secrete epinephrine or
norepinephrine as their neurotransmitter and stimulate adrenergic receptors
(Sympathetic)
Post ganglionic neurons
What interacts with alpha and beta receptors on sympathetic effectors
(Sympathetic)
Norepinephrine
Noradrenalin is broken down by ____ and_____ – effects last longer
than parasympathetic
(Sympathetic)
catechol-o-methyltransferase
(COMT) and monoamine oxidase (MOA)
In the______ division, cell bodies of the_______ neurons are in the nuclei of four cranial nerves (III, VII, IX and X) in the brain stem and in the lateral gray matter of sacral segments 2–4 of the spinal cord =_______
parasympathetic and preganglionic. craniosacral
SLUDD
salivation, lacrimation, urination,
digestion, defecation
What cranial nerve does a lot in the parasympathetic division? 
Vagus nerve X
_____neurons in the
parasympathetic nervous system
secrete acetylcholine and are
cholinergic neurons that stimulate
nicotinic receptors on postganglionic
neurons
Preganglionic
neurons also secrete
acetylcholine making them
cholinergic neurons
(Parasympathetic)
Postganglionic neurons
This acetylcholine contracts_____ on effector organs
(Parasympathetic)
muscarinic receptors
o Exaggerated response of the sympathetic nervous system occurring in 85% of individuals with spinal cord injury at or above T6.
o If untreated, can cause seizures, stroke or heart attack.
Autonomic Dysreflexia
o Occurs due to excessive sympathetic stimulation of smooth muscle in arterioles of digits.
o Vasoconstriction leads to numbness and ischemia in digits.
Raynaud phenomenon
The inner ____ produces catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
Adrenal medulla
The adrenal gland is only in parasympathetic or sympathetic
Sympathetic
Adrenalin and noradrenalin bind to_____&______ of autonomic receptors to elicit sympathetic effects
alpha and beta adrenergic receptors
