Exm 2 (ch 9) Flashcards
a point of contact between:
• Two or more bones
• Cartilage and bone
• Teeth and bone
(Also called articulation)
A joint
Structural classification of joints
Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial
no joint cavity, articulating bones held together by dense irregular connective tissue rich in collagen. Permits little to no movement. Types: Sutures (suture bones of the skull) and Syndesmoses of
tibia/fibula joint, gomphosis (Joint between mandible and teeth)
Fibrous
no joint cavity (lack synovial cavity), articulating bones held together by hyaline cartilage (Synchondrosis), (synchondroses- epiphyseal growth plate) or fibrous cartilage (Symphysis- pubic symphysis). Permits little to no movement. Ex: Pubic symphysis and epithelial growth plate
Cartilaginous
have articular capsule, characterized by synovial cavity and articular cartilage; may contain accessory ligaments, articular discs and bursae. Articulating bones are covered with articular cartilage, held together by ligaments, contain synovial fluid, have a nerve and blood supply , and are surrounded by an articular capsule
• Synovial fluid is made of lymph and hyaluronic acid
Permits a large range of movement
Synovial (have a capsule)
sac-like structures filled with
synovial fluid that cushion movement of one body part over another
Bursae
a tube-like bursae that wraps around tendons subject to a great deal of friction. Provides lubrication
Tendon sheaths
Degree of movement 
Synarthroses, amphirthrosis, diarthroses
virtually no movement
• Ex: sutures between skull bones
Synarthroses
limited movement
Amphiarthroses
free movement, synovial joints, capsule has dense fibrous outer layer
Diarthroses
• Synchondrosis – bones connected by hyaline cartilage in the epiphyseal plates
Synarthroses
• Synostosis when calcification is complete
Synarthroses
• Pubic symphysis
Amphiarthroses
• Syndesmosis of tibia/fibula (more fibers than suture but not as tight)
Amphiarthroses
• Gomphosis – cone-shaped peg in tooth socket (also fibrous) – shock absorption!
Amphiarthroses
nearly flat bones move side-to-side and back- and-forth
• Planar movements
• biaxial/triaxial
Gliding
decreasing the angle between bones
• Move AWAY from anatomical
position in the anterior or
posterior direction
Flexion
increasing the angle between the bones
• Move TOWARDS anatomical
position in the anterior or
posterior direction
Extension
extension beyond normal range OR beyond a straight line
Hypertension
movement away from the midline
Abduction
movement towards the midline
Adduction
movement of the distal end of a body part in a circle
Circumduction
the bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis
Medial vs. lateral
Rotation
superior movement of the body
Elevation
inferior movement of one part of the body
Depression
Movement of a body part anteriorly
Protraction
Movement of a protracted body part back to anatomical position
Retraction
Move the sole mediately
Inversion
Moves the sole laterally
Eversion
Bending the foot at an angle superiorly
Dorsiflexion
Bending the foot inferiorly
Plantar flexion
Palm is turned anteriorly
Supination
Palm is rotated posteriorly
Pronation
back-and-forth or side-to-side
Planar movements
concave surface of a bone fits in the convex surface of another bone. Elbow joint
Hinge joints
rounded or pointed surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament. Radius and ulna
Pivot joints
convex oval-shaped projection of one bone articulates with the oval-
shaped depression of another bone
Ellipsoid (condylar) joints
one bone acts like a saddle and the other bone fits like a rider. Carpus and metacarpal of thumb
Saddle joint
ball of one bone fits into the depression of another. Femur and hip bone
Ball and socket joints
