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Anatomy And Phys 1 > Exm 4 (ch 17) > Flashcards

Exm 4 (ch 17) Flashcards

1
Q

respond to stimulus from outside the body such as
touch or temperature

A

Exteroreceptors

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2
Q

detect changes away from the body such as the eye and ears

A

Teloceptors

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3
Q

detect changes within the body

A

Interoreceptors

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4
Q

olfaction, gustation, “common chemical sense”

A

Chemical senses

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5
Q

chemical irritants found in mucus membranes
• Ex: tear gas, acid fumes, onions

A

Common chemical sense 

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6
Q

Smell is a

A

Chemical sense

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7
Q

The olfactory epithelium covers the inferior surface of the_______(of the ethmoid bone of the skull) and extends along the superior nasal concha

A

cribriform plate

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8
Q

located in the mucous membrane lining the nose. Used for physical support, nourishment and electrical insulation for olfactory receptor cells

A

Supporting cells (columnar epithelium)

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9
Q

Undergo mitosis to replace olfactory receptor cells

A

Basal stem cells 

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10
Q

Produce mucus that is used to dissolve odor molecules so that transduction may occur, basically the mucus dissolves the “smells”

A

Olfactory glands (Bowman’s glands)

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11
Q

Receptors in the nasal mucosa send impulses along branches of

A

olfactory (I) nerve

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12
Q

binding of an odorant molecule to an
olfactory receptor protein

A

Olfactory transduction

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13
Q

There are only 5 primary tastes:

A

o Sour
o Sweet
o Bitter
o Salt
o Umami (meaty, savory)

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14
Q

There are three types of smelling cells

A
  1. Olfactory receptor cells
  2. Supporting cells
  3. Basal cells
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15
Q

Taste buds contains three kinds of epithelial cells

A

o Supporting cells
o Gustatory receptor cells
o Basal stem cells

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16
Q

Taste buds are located in elevations on the tongue called

A

papillae

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17
Q

about 12 that contain 100–300 taste buds. Back of tongue

A

Vallate papillae

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18
Q

scattered over the tongue with about 5 taste buds each. All tongue

A

Fungiform papillae

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19
Q

located in lateral trenches of the tongue (most of their taste buds
degenerate in early childhood).

A

Foliate papillae

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20
Q

cover the entire surface of the tongue
• Contain tactile receptors but no
taste buds!!
• Increase friction to make it easier for
the tongue to move food within the
mouth. Cats

A

Filiform

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21
Q

What cranial nerve carries taste information from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

Facial VII

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22
Q

What cranial nerve carries taste information from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

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23
Q

What cranial nerves carries taste information from taste buds on the epiglottis and in the throat

A

Vagus (X)

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24
Q

uses visible light which is part of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths from about 400 to 700 nm

A

Vision

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25
Q

is defined as the distance between two consecutive peaks of an electromagnetic wave

A

Wavelength

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26
Q

protect eyes and keep them moist

A

Eyelids (palpebra)

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27
Q

Prevent dust, or particles from getting in the eye 

A

Eyelashes 

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28
Q

Helps deflect sunlight and keep perspiration (sweat) out

A

Eyebrows(superciliary/superorbital)

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29
Q

pink mass of tissue in the medial
canthus. Collects tears

A

Lacrimal caruncle

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30
Q

corner next to nose

A

Medial commissure/medial canthus:

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31
Q

corner away from the nose

A

Lateral canthus/lateral commissure

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32
Q

control eyelid movement

A

Palpebral muscles

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33
Q

are responsible for moving
the eyeball itself in all directions

A

extrinsic eye muscles

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34
Q

is a thin, protective mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the sclera

A

The conjunctiva 

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35
Q

A fold of connective tissue that gives form to the eyelids. Contains a row of sebaceous glands (tarsal glands/Meibomian glands) that keeps the eyelids from sticking to each other

A

The tarsal plate

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36
Q

_______, secretes tears into.

_______, which distribute tears over surface of eyeball.

_______, drain tears into.

_______, which drains tears into.

________, which drains tears into.

Nasal cavity.

A

Lacrimal gland. Excretory lacrimal ducts. Superior or inferior lacrimal canaliculi. Lacrimal sac. Nasolacrimal duct.

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37
Q

The six extrinsic eye muscles

A

superior rectus, inferior rectus, lateral rectus, medial rectus, superior oblique and inferior oblique

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38
Q

Superior rectus

A

Looking up

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39
Q

Inferior rectus

A

Looking down 

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40
Q

Lateral rectus

A

Looking lateral

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41
Q

Medial rectus

A

Looking medial 

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42
Q

Superior oblique

A

Trochlear nerve 

43
Q

Inferior oblique

A

Laterally and down 

44
Q

the cornea and sclera

A

Fibrous tunic

45
Q

the choroid, ciliary body and iris

A

Vascular tunic

46
Q

______ as sphincter pupillae muscles of iris contract

A

Pupil contracts

47
Q

______ as dilator pupillae muscles of iris contract

A

Pupil dilates

48
Q

admits and refracts (bends) light

A

Cornea

49
Q

provides shaped and protects inner parts

A

Sclera

50
Q

regulates the amount of light that enters the eyeball, eye color

A

Iris

51
Q

the opening in the iris where light passes through

A

Pupil

52
Q

secretes aqueous humor and alters the
shape of the lens (accommodation)

A

Ciliary body

53
Q

provides blood supply and absorbs scattered light

A

Choroid

54
Q

receives light and converts it to receptors potentials

A

Retina

55
Q

retracts light. Can change shape

A

Lens

56
Q

aqueous humor

A

Anterior section

57
Q

Vitreous humor

A

Posterior segment

58
Q

The point at which the optic nerve exits
the eye is the

A

optic disc (blind spot)

59
Q

The exact center of the retina is the

A

Macula lutea

60
Q

In the center of macula lutea is the

A

fovea centralis (area of highest visual acuity)

61
Q

The retina contains sensors
(_______) known as rods and cones

A

photoreceptors

62
Q

Is used to see dim light

A

Rods

63
Q

Is used to produce color vision

A

Cones

64
Q

Do rods or cones have a higher visual acuity

A

Cones

65
Q

The anterior and posterior chamber by the iris are filled with white liquid

A

Aqueous humor

66
Q

The posterior cavity of the eye is filled with what fluid

A

Vitreous humor

67
Q

pressure builds when aqueous humor is produced faster than it is reabsorbed

A

Glaucoma

68
Q

Light _______when it passes through a transparent substance with one density into a second transparent substance with a different density. This bending occurs at the junction of the two substances

A

refracts (bends)

69
Q

The lens______ the differences between viewing near and far objects by adjusting it’s width.

A

accommodates

70
Q

The normal _______eye will refract light correctly and focus a clear image on the retina

A

(emmetropic) . “Normal” 20/20 vision

71
Q

In cases of______ (nearsightedness)
the eyeball is longer than it should be
and the image converges (narrows
down to a sharp focal point) in front of
the retina. These people see close
objects sharply, but perceive distant
objects as blurry

A

myopia

72
Q

A_____ lens is used to correct the
vision of myopia

A

concave. Diverging

73
Q

In cases of______ (farsightedness)
also known as xxx, the
eyeball is shorter than it should be and
the image converges behind the retina

A

hyperopia

74
Q

A_____ lens is used to correct this
abnormality (hyperopia)

A

convex

75
Q

_____is a condition where
either the cornea or the lens (or
both) has an irregular curve
• _______ causes blurred or
distorted vision

A

Astigmatism

76
Q

Rods contain only

A

rhodopsin- a chemical

77
Q

Cones contain three different photopigments, one for each of the three types of cones (____)

A

red, green, blue

78
Q

Photopigments associated with vision contain two parts: a glycoprotein____ and a derivative of vitamin A called ____

A

opsin, retinal

79
Q

occurs when an individual moves from dark surroundings to light ones
o It occurs in seconds

A

Light adaptation

80
Q

takes place when one moves from a lighted area into a dark one
o This takes minutes to complete

A

Dark adaptation

81
Q

Part of this difference is related to the rates of____ and _____ of
photopigments in rods and cones
o Light causes rod photoreceptors to decrease their release of the inhibitory
neurotransmitter glutamate

A

bleaching, regeneration

82
Q

In darkness, rod photoreceptors release the inhibitory neurotransmitter______. This inhibits bipolar cells from transmitting signals to ganglion cells which provide output from the retina to the brain

A

glutamate

83
Q

The anterior location of our eyes leads to visual field overlap. This gives us _____

A

binocular vision

84
Q

Vision from the medial nasal fields are
processed by the

A

lateral retina

85
Q

The lateral temporal fields are processed by the

A

medial retina

86
Q

Temporal vision&raquo_space;»optic chiasm

A

Notes

87
Q

The external (outer) ear contains the

A

auricle (pinna), external auditory
canal, and the tympanic membrane
(eardrum)

88
Q

The______ collects
vibrating sounds from the external
ear and separates the outer and
middle ear

A

tympanic membrane

89
Q

____glands secrete
cerumen (earwax) to protect the
canal and eardrum

A

Ceruminous

90
Q

Middle ear bones

A

Malleus, incus, and stapes(smallest)

91
Q

Sound vibrations are transmitted from the eardrum through these 3 bones to the

A

oval window

92
Q

The ________ extends from the middle ear into the nasopharynx to
regulate air pressure in the middle ear. Common sight for ear infections in small children

A

auditory tube (pharyngotympanic
tube, eustachian tube)

93
Q

_____&______muscles
contract and inhibit movement od the
ossicles to help protect against loud noises. Pressure

A

Tensor tympani and stapedius

94
Q

The internal (inner) ear (labyrinth) contains the_____ which translates vibrations into neural impulses that the brain can interpret as sound, and the______ that work with the cerebellum for balance and equilibrium

A

cochlea, semicircular canals

95
Q

The bending of the hair cells on the _____is what causes the neural impulse to be transmitted/ sends nerves impulses down the cochlear nerve fibers

A

Tectorial membrane

96
Q

The cochlear nerve fibers form the
____of the vestibulocochlear
(VIII) nerve

A

cochlear branch

97
Q

Medial. Lateral

A

Hearing. Vision

98
Q

maintenance of the body’s position
relative to the force of gravity. Standing up

A

Static equilibrium

99
Q

the maintenance of the body’s
position in response to sudden movements.moving

A

Dynamic equilibrium

100
Q

The organs that maintain
equilibrium. Includes saccule, utricle (both otolithic
organs), and semicircular canals.

A

Vestibular apparatus

101
Q

thickened wall in each part of the membranous labyrinth

A

Macula

102
Q

Three semicircular canals are responsible for _____which allows us to maintain orientation

A

dynamic equilibrium

103
Q

Around the age of 40 the lens begins to lose elasticity and has difficulty
focusing on close objects. Ex: mom holding phone away from her face

A

Presbyopia

Anatomy And Phys 1 (39 decks)

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