Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy And Phys 1 > Exm 4 (ch 17) > Flashcards

Exm 4 (ch 17) Flashcards

1
Q

respond to stimulus from outside the body such as
touch or temperature

A

Exteroreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

detect changes away from the body such as the eye and ears

A

Teloceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

detect changes within the body

A

Interoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

olfaction, gustation, “common chemical sense”

A

Chemical senses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

chemical irritants found in mucus membranes
• Ex: tear gas, acid fumes, onions

A

Common chemical sense 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Smell is a

A

Chemical sense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The olfactory epithelium covers the inferior surface of the_______(of the ethmoid bone of the skull) and extends along the superior nasal concha

A

cribriform plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

located in the mucous membrane lining the nose. Used for physical support, nourishment and electrical insulation for olfactory receptor cells

A

Supporting cells (columnar epithelium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Undergo mitosis to replace olfactory receptor cells

A

Basal stem cells 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Produce mucus that is used to dissolve odor molecules so that transduction may occur, basically the mucus dissolves the “smells”

A

Olfactory glands (Bowman’s glands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Receptors in the nasal mucosa send impulses along branches of

A

olfactory (I) nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

binding of an odorant molecule to an
olfactory receptor protein

A

Olfactory transduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

There are only 5 primary tastes:

A

o Sour
o Sweet
o Bitter
o Salt
o Umami (meaty, savory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

There are three types of smelling cells

A
  1. Olfactory receptor cells
  2. Supporting cells
  3. Basal cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Taste buds contains three kinds of epithelial cells

A

o Supporting cells
o Gustatory receptor cells
o Basal stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Taste buds are located in elevations on the tongue called

A

papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

about 12 that contain 100–300 taste buds. Back of tongue

A

Vallate papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

scattered over the tongue with about 5 taste buds each. All tongue

A

Fungiform papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

located in lateral trenches of the tongue (most of their taste buds
degenerate in early childhood).

A

Foliate papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

cover the entire surface of the tongue
• Contain tactile receptors but no
taste buds!!
• Increase friction to make it easier for
the tongue to move food within the
mouth. Cats

A

Filiform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What cranial nerve carries taste information from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

Facial VII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What cranial nerve carries taste information from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What cranial nerves carries taste information from taste buds on the epiglottis and in the throat

A

Vagus (X)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

uses visible light which is part of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths from about 400 to 700 nm

A

Vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
is defined as the distance between two consecutive peaks of an electromagnetic wave
Wavelength
26
protect eyes and keep them moist
Eyelids (palpebra)
27
Prevent dust, or particles from getting in the eye 
Eyelashes 
28
Helps deflect sunlight and keep perspiration (sweat) out
Eyebrows(superciliary/superorbital)
29
pink mass of tissue in the medial canthus. Collects tears
Lacrimal caruncle
30
corner next to nose
Medial commissure/medial canthus:
31
corner away from the nose
Lateral canthus/lateral commissure
32
control eyelid movement
Palpebral muscles
33
are responsible for moving the eyeball itself in all directions
extrinsic eye muscles
34
is a thin, protective mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the sclera
The conjunctiva 
35
A fold of connective tissue that gives form to the eyelids. Contains a row of sebaceous glands (tarsal glands/Meibomian glands) that keeps the eyelids from sticking to each other
The tarsal plate
36
_______, secretes tears into. _______, which distribute tears over surface of eyeball. _______, drain tears into. _______, which drains tears into. ________, which drains tears into. Nasal cavity.
Lacrimal gland. Excretory lacrimal ducts. Superior or inferior lacrimal canaliculi. Lacrimal sac. Nasolacrimal duct.
37
The six extrinsic eye muscles
superior rectus, inferior rectus, lateral rectus, medial rectus, superior oblique and inferior oblique
38
Superior rectus
Looking up
39
Inferior rectus
Looking down 
40
Lateral rectus
Looking lateral
41
Medial rectus
Looking medial 
42
Superior oblique
Trochlear nerve 
43
Inferior oblique
Laterally and down 
44
the cornea and sclera
Fibrous tunic
45
the choroid, ciliary body and iris
Vascular tunic
46
______ as sphincter pupillae muscles of iris contract
Pupil contracts
47
______ as dilator pupillae muscles of iris contract
Pupil dilates
48
admits and refracts (bends) light
Cornea
49
provides shaped and protects inner parts
Sclera
50
regulates the amount of light that enters the eyeball, eye color
Iris
51
the opening in the iris where light passes through
Pupil
52
secretes aqueous humor and alters the shape of the lens (accommodation)
Ciliary body
53
provides blood supply and absorbs scattered light
Choroid
54
receives light and converts it to receptors potentials
Retina
55
retracts light. Can change shape
Lens
56
aqueous humor
Anterior section
57
Vitreous humor
Posterior segment
58
The point at which the optic nerve exits the eye is the
optic disc (blind spot)
59
The exact center of the retina is the
Macula lutea
60
In the center of macula lutea is the
fovea centralis (area of highest visual acuity)
61
The retina contains sensors (_______) known as rods and cones
photoreceptors
62
Is used to see dim light
Rods
63
Is used to produce color vision
Cones
64
Do rods or cones have a higher visual acuity
Cones
65
The anterior and posterior chamber by the iris are filled with white liquid
Aqueous humor
66
The posterior cavity of the eye is filled with what fluid
Vitreous humor
67
pressure builds when aqueous humor is produced faster than it is reabsorbed
Glaucoma
68
Light _______when it passes through a transparent substance with one density into a second transparent substance with a different density. This bending occurs at the junction of the two substances
refracts (bends)
69
The lens______ the differences between viewing near and far objects by adjusting it’s width.
accommodates
70
The normal _______eye will refract light correctly and focus a clear image on the retina
(emmetropic) . “Normal” 20/20 vision
71
In cases of______ (nearsightedness) the eyeball is longer than it should be and the image converges (narrows down to a sharp focal point) in front of the retina. These people see close objects sharply, but perceive distant objects as blurry
myopia
72
A_____ lens is used to correct the vision of myopia
concave. Diverging
73
In cases of______ (farsightedness) also known as xxx, the eyeball is shorter than it should be and the image converges behind the retina
hyperopia
74
A_____ lens is used to correct this abnormality (hyperopia)
convex
75
_____is a condition where either the cornea or the lens (or both) has an irregular curve • _______ causes blurred or distorted vision
Astigmatism
76
Rods contain only
rhodopsin- a chemical
77
Cones contain three different photopigments, one for each of the three types of cones (____)
red, green, blue
78
Photopigments associated with vision contain two parts: a glycoprotein____ and a derivative of vitamin A called ____
opsin, retinal
79
occurs when an individual moves from dark surroundings to light ones o It occurs in seconds
Light adaptation
80
takes place when one moves from a lighted area into a dark one o This takes minutes to complete
Dark adaptation
81
Part of this difference is related to the rates of____ and _____ of photopigments in rods and cones o Light causes rod photoreceptors to decrease their release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter glutamate
bleaching, regeneration
82
In darkness, rod photoreceptors release the inhibitory neurotransmitter______. This inhibits bipolar cells from transmitting signals to ganglion cells which provide output from the retina to the brain
glutamate
83
The anterior location of our eyes leads to visual field overlap. This gives us _____
binocular vision
84
Vision from the medial nasal fields are processed by the
lateral retina
85
The lateral temporal fields are processed by the
medial retina
86
Temporal vision >>>>optic chiasm
Notes
87
The external (outer) ear contains the
auricle (pinna), external auditory canal, and the tympanic membrane (eardrum)
88
The______ collects vibrating sounds from the external ear and separates the outer and middle ear
tympanic membrane
89
____glands secrete cerumen (earwax) to protect the canal and eardrum
Ceruminous
90
Middle ear bones
Malleus, incus, and stapes(smallest)
91
Sound vibrations are transmitted from the eardrum through these 3 bones to the
oval window
92
The ________ extends from the middle ear into the nasopharynx to regulate air pressure in the middle ear. Common sight for ear infections in small children
auditory tube (pharyngotympanic tube, eustachian tube)
93
_____&______muscles contract and inhibit movement od the ossicles to help protect against loud noises. Pressure
Tensor tympani and stapedius
94
The internal (inner) ear (labyrinth) contains the_____ which translates vibrations into neural impulses that the brain can interpret as sound, and the______ that work with the cerebellum for balance and equilibrium
cochlea, semicircular canals
95
The bending of the hair cells on the _____is what causes the neural impulse to be transmitted/ sends nerves impulses down the cochlear nerve fibers
Tectorial membrane
96
The cochlear nerve fibers form the ____of the vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve
cochlear branch
97
Medial. Lateral
Hearing. Vision
98
maintenance of the body’s position relative to the force of gravity. Standing up
Static equilibrium
99
the maintenance of the body’s position in response to sudden movements.moving
Dynamic equilibrium
100
The organs that maintain equilibrium. Includes saccule, utricle (both otolithic organs), and semicircular canals.
Vestibular apparatus
101
thickened wall in each part of the membranous labyrinth
Macula
102
Three semicircular canals are responsible for _____which allows us to maintain orientation
dynamic equilibrium
103
Around the age of 40 the lens begins to lose elasticity and has difficulty focusing on close objects. Ex: mom holding phone away from her face
Presbyopia

Anatomy And Phys 1 (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions