Exm 2 (ch 7&8) Flashcards
(80 bones) - skull bones, auditory ossicles, hyoid
bone, ribs, sternum, vertebrae and sacrum
Axial skeleton
(126 bones) - bones of the upper and lower
extremities and the bones forming the girdles that connect the limbs to the axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton
(greater length than width): diaphysis and epiphysis and
curved for strength. Ex: femur, humerus
Long bones
(cube shaped): spongy bone with thin layer of compact
bone. Equal in width as length. Ex: bones in wrist
Short bones
(thin layers of parallel plates): Ex = sternum, skull, ribs
Flat bones
(complex shapes): ex = vertebrae
Irregular bones
: usually encased in a
tendon where this is considerable friction, tension, and physical strain. Ex: patella
Sesamoid bone
(Location) are small, extra bone
plates located within the sutures of cranial bones. Mostly only in back of head
Sutural bones
(Location) Are the jointed areas where a flat bones come together
Sutures
There are two major types of surface markings:
- Depression and openings. 2. processes
Fissure, foremen, fossa, sulcus, meatus
Depressions and openings: Sites allowing the passage of soft tissues (nerves, blood vessels, ligaments, tendons) or formation of joints
Narrow slit between adjacent parts of a bone through which blood vessels or nerves pass
Fissure
Opening through which blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments pass. Tiny hole.
Foramen
Shallow depression
Fossa
Furrow along bone surface, that accommodates blood vessel, nerve, or tendon. A little depression
Sulcus
Tubelike opening
Meatus
Depression and openings mnemonic:
Suck (sulcus), My (meatus), F-ing (fissure), Fat (foramen), Foot (fossa)
Condyle, facet, head, crest, epicondyle, line, spinous process, trochanter, tubercle, tuberosity
Processes: Projections or outgrowths on bone that form joints or attachment points for connective tissue, such as ligaments tendons
Large, round protuberance with a smooth articular surface at end of bone
Condyle
Smooth, flat, slightly concave, or convex articular surface
Facet
Usually rounded articular projection supported on neck (constricted portion) of bone
Head
Prominent ridge or elongated projection
Crest
Typically roughened projection above condyle
Epicondyle
Long, narrow ridge or border (less prominent than crest)
Line
Sharp, slender projection
Spinous process
Very large projection
Trochanter
Variable sized rounded projection
Tubercle
Variably size projection, that has rough, bumpy surface
Tuberosity
Processes mnemonic:
Could (condyle), Cadet (crest), Himari (head), Seriously (spinous process), Let (line), Eren (epicondyle), Tarnish (trochanter), Their (tubercle), Future (facet), Together (tuberosity)
Densest bone in the human body
petrous portion of the Temporal bone
The _______ of the sphenoid bone houses the pituitary gland.
Sella turcica
The _______ of the ethmoid bone has tine holes in it that houses branches of the olfactory nerves
Cribiform plate
mucous membrane- lined cavities in the frontal, maxillary, sphenoid and ethmoid bones
• Used as resonating chambers to enhance the voice
• Increase the surface area of the nasal mucosa and help to moisten it as well
Paranasal sinuses
areas of a fetus/baby where unossified mesenchyme develops into dense connective tissue
• They close up through intramembranous ossification by 2 years of age
Fontanels
Number of cervical vertebra
7
Number of thoracic vertebra
12
Number of lumbar vertebra
5
Number of sacrum vertebra
1
Number of coccyx vertebra
1 or 2
lateral curves to the spine
Scoliosis
excessive thoracic curvature
Kyphosis
lumbar curvature in excess
Lordosis
Located between the bodies of the
vertebrae from the second cervical to the sacrum. Composed of fibrocartilage
Intervertebral discs
first cervical vertebra
Atlas
second cervical vertebra, has a dens/odontoid process
Axis
True ribs
1-7
False ribs
8-12
Floating ribs
11 & 12
sternums three segments from top to bottom
- Upper manibrum
- Middle body
- Lower xiphoid process
is a congenital defect of the vertebral column where the laminae do not develop normally
Spina bifida
What is in the appendicular skeleton?
Pectoral girdle’s, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, lower limbs
What is in the pectoral girdle?
Clavicle and scapula
Glenoid cavity
On the scapula where the humerus is attached
Number of fused sacrum vertebrae
5
