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A&P 223 > Lab #1 quiz > Flashcards

Lab #1 quiz Flashcards

1
Q

the function that is to enable the observer to distinguish structures and points that are separated by short distances

A

resolution

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2
Q

what is more important than magnification?

A

resolution

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3
Q

even though it isn’t always desireable to obtain the largest image possible what is resolution necessary for?

A

to obtain sharp detail

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4
Q

what factors is resolution dependent on?

A

1) illumination
2) nature of specimen
3) investigator

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5
Q

the study of tissues and their microscopic structure

A

histology

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6
Q

organ in the cardiovascular system

A

heart (cardio)

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7
Q

organs in the respiratory system

A

lungs (pulmo or pneumo)

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8
Q

organs in the digestive system

A

1) stomach
2) liver (hepato)
3) pancreas
4) small intestines
5) large intestines

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9
Q

organ in the lymphatic system

A

spleen

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10
Q

organs in the urinary system

A

1) kidneys (renal or nephro)

2) urinary bladder (cysto or cystis)

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11
Q

organ in the endocrine system

A

adrenal gland

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12
Q

organ in the nervous system

A

brain (cerebro or encephalo)

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13
Q

4 basic tissue types in the human body

A

1) epithelial
2) connective
3) muscle
4) nervous

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14
Q

what does epithelial tissue cover?

A

body surfaces and lines body cavities, hollow organs and ducts of glands

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15
Q

the undersying tissue attachment to epithelial tissue. a thin extracellular layer consisting of two layers

A

basement membrane

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16
Q

what 2 layers does the basement membrane consist of?

A

1) the basal lamina

2) regicular lamina

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17
Q

the side of the epithelial tissue that faces the basement membrane

A

basal surface

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18
Q

the side of the epithelial tissue that faces the body cavity, lumen or environment

A

apical surface

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19
Q

what 3 shapes are the majority of epithelial cells?

A

1) squamous
2) cuboidal
3) columnar

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20
Q

what shape are squamous cell?

A

thin and flat and much broader than they are thick

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21
Q

what shape are cuboidal cells?

A

shaped like a cube and the nucleus is typically found in the center of the cell

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22
Q

what shape are columnar cells?

A

taller than they are wide with nuclei normally located in the bottom of the cell.

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23
Q

what are the two types of epithelial tissue?

A

1) simple

2) stratified

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24
Q

comprised of a single layer of cells in which every cell touches the basement membrane

A

simple epithelium

25
Q

consists of multiple layers of cells

A

stratified epithelium

26
Q

considered a single layer of thin, flat cells

A

simple squamous epithelium

27
Q

what is simple squamous epithelium for?

A

a large amount of transport including filtration, diffusion, secretion and osmosis

28
Q

the simple squamous epithelum that lines the body cavities

A

mesothelium

29
Q

the simple squamous epithelium that lines the heart and blood vessels

A

endothelium

30
Q

body locations of simple squamous epithelium

A

1) lining of heart and blood vessles
2) alveoli
3) glomerular capsule
4) lining of body cavities

31
Q

comprised of multiple layers of cells that are squamous at the apical surface

A

stratified squamous epithelium

32
Q

what areas of the body is stratified squamous epithelium found?

A

areas that are exposed to mechanical stresses

33
Q

body locations that strafied squamous epithelium is found

A

1) epidermis
2) lining of the rectum
3) lining of the anus
4) lining of the vagina
5) lining of the esophagus

34
Q

a single layer of cuboidal cells

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

35
Q

where is simple cuboidal epithelium found?

A

where secretion and absorption occur and provides limited protection

36
Q

body locations where simple cuboidal epithelium is found

A

1) kidney tubules

2) thyroid gland

37
Q

a simple layer of cells that are taller than they are wide

A

simple columnar epithelium

38
Q

where is simple columnar epithelium found?

A

where secretion and absorption occur

39
Q

increases surface area for transport

A

microvilli

40
Q

what may simple columnar epithelium have?

A

microvili or cilia

41
Q

allows substances to be moved across the apical surface

A

cilia

42
Q

body loations where simple columnar epithelium can be found

A

1) lining of stomach
2) lining of the small intestine
3) lining of the large intestine
4) lining of the gallbladder

43
Q

cells with varying shapes, the majority of which are columnar in appearacnce

A

pseduostratified columnar epithelium

44
Q

are pseudostratified columnar epithelium stratified and why?

A

no although it appears to be because every cell is in contact with the basement membrane

45
Q

what body locations is the pseudostratified columnar epithelium found?

A

1) lining of the nasal cavities

2) lining of the trachea

46
Q

able to withstand repeated stretching and recoiling without being damaged. contains multiple layers of cells with the apical layer of cells having a dome shaped appearance.

A

transitional epithelium

47
Q

body locations where transitional epithelium is found

A

1) linining of the urinary bladder

2) ureters

48
Q

3 types of muslce tissue

A

1) skeletal
2) smooth
3) cardiac

49
Q

found in skeletal muscles that are attached to the skeleton and can be controlled volunatarily to produce body movement

A

skeletal muscle

50
Q

found in the wall of hollow organs and is involuntarily controled

A

smooth muscle

51
Q

comprises the majoirty of the wall of the heart and is also involunarily controled

A

cardiac muscle

52
Q

what is the shape of cardiac muscle?

A

short, branched and striated

53
Q

what type of nucleus do cardiac muscle have and what are the cells connected to?

A

a single nucleus per cell and the cells are connected by special intercelluar connections known as interacalated discs.

54
Q

when viewed under a microscope what does skeletal muscles have?

A

striation, alternating dark and light lines

55
Q

what shape of skeletal muscles and what type of nucleus do they thave ?

A

cylindrically shaped and are multinucleate.

56
Q

where are nuclei typically located in skeletal muscle?

A

they are pushed to the outer membrane ofthe individual cells.

57
Q

what does smooth muscle look like?

A

doesn’t exhibit striations, they have a single nucleus and each cell has tapered ends.

58
Q

what body locations are smooth muscle located?

A

1) blood vessel wall

2) wall of many digestive, urinary and respiratory organs

A&P 223 (50 decks)

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