Lab #1 quiz Flashcards
the function that is to enable the observer to distinguish structures and points that are separated by short distances
resolution
what is more important than magnification?
resolution
even though it isn’t always desireable to obtain the largest image possible what is resolution necessary for?
to obtain sharp detail
what factors is resolution dependent on?
1) illumination
2) nature of specimen
3) investigator
the study of tissues and their microscopic structure
histology
organ in the cardiovascular system
heart (cardio)
organs in the respiratory system
lungs (pulmo or pneumo)
organs in the digestive system
1) stomach
2) liver (hepato)
3) pancreas
4) small intestines
5) large intestines
organ in the lymphatic system
spleen
organs in the urinary system
1) kidneys (renal or nephro)
2) urinary bladder (cysto or cystis)
organ in the endocrine system
adrenal gland
organ in the nervous system
brain (cerebro or encephalo)
4 basic tissue types in the human body
1) epithelial
2) connective
3) muscle
4) nervous
what does epithelial tissue cover?
body surfaces and lines body cavities, hollow organs and ducts of glands
the undersying tissue attachment to epithelial tissue. a thin extracellular layer consisting of two layers
basement membrane
what 2 layers does the basement membrane consist of?
1) the basal lamina
2) regicular lamina
the side of the epithelial tissue that faces the basement membrane
basal surface
the side of the epithelial tissue that faces the body cavity, lumen or environment
apical surface
what 3 shapes are the majority of epithelial cells?
1) squamous
2) cuboidal
3) columnar
what shape are squamous cell?
thin and flat and much broader than they are thick
what shape are cuboidal cells?
shaped like a cube and the nucleus is typically found in the center of the cell
what shape are columnar cells?
taller than they are wide with nuclei normally located in the bottom of the cell.
what are the two types of epithelial tissue?
1) simple
2) stratified
comprised of a single layer of cells in which every cell touches the basement membrane
simple epithelium
consists of multiple layers of cells
stratified epithelium
considered a single layer of thin, flat cells
simple squamous epithelium
what is simple squamous epithelium for?
a large amount of transport including filtration, diffusion, secretion and osmosis
the simple squamous epithelum that lines the body cavities
mesothelium
the simple squamous epithelium that lines the heart and blood vessels
endothelium
body locations of simple squamous epithelium
1) lining of heart and blood vessles
2) alveoli
3) glomerular capsule
4) lining of body cavities
comprised of multiple layers of cells that are squamous at the apical surface
stratified squamous epithelium
what areas of the body is stratified squamous epithelium found?
areas that are exposed to mechanical stresses
body locations that strafied squamous epithelium is found
1) epidermis
2) lining of the rectum
3) lining of the anus
4) lining of the vagina
5) lining of the esophagus
a single layer of cuboidal cells
simple cuboidal epithelium
where is simple cuboidal epithelium found?
where secretion and absorption occur and provides limited protection
body locations where simple cuboidal epithelium is found
1) kidney tubules
2) thyroid gland
a simple layer of cells that are taller than they are wide
simple columnar epithelium
where is simple columnar epithelium found?
where secretion and absorption occur
increases surface area for transport
microvilli
what may simple columnar epithelium have?
microvili or cilia
allows substances to be moved across the apical surface
cilia
body loations where simple columnar epithelium can be found
1) lining of stomach
2) lining of the small intestine
3) lining of the large intestine
4) lining of the gallbladder
cells with varying shapes, the majority of which are columnar in appearacnce
pseduostratified columnar epithelium
are pseudostratified columnar epithelium stratified and why?
no although it appears to be because every cell is in contact with the basement membrane
what body locations is the pseudostratified columnar epithelium found?
1) lining of the nasal cavities
2) lining of the trachea
able to withstand repeated stretching and recoiling without being damaged. contains multiple layers of cells with the apical layer of cells having a dome shaped appearance.
transitional epithelium
body locations where transitional epithelium is found
1) linining of the urinary bladder
2) ureters
3 types of muslce tissue
1) skeletal
2) smooth
3) cardiac
found in skeletal muscles that are attached to the skeleton and can be controlled volunatarily to produce body movement
skeletal muscle
found in the wall of hollow organs and is involuntarily controled
smooth muscle
comprises the majoirty of the wall of the heart and is also involunarily controled
cardiac muscle
what is the shape of cardiac muscle?
short, branched and striated
what type of nucleus do cardiac muscle have and what are the cells connected to?
a single nucleus per cell and the cells are connected by special intercelluar connections known as interacalated discs.
when viewed under a microscope what does skeletal muscles have?
striation, alternating dark and light lines
what shape of skeletal muscles and what type of nucleus do they thave ?
cylindrically shaped and are multinucleate.
where are nuclei typically located in skeletal muscle?
they are pushed to the outer membrane ofthe individual cells.
what does smooth muscle look like?
doesn’t exhibit striations, they have a single nucleus and each cell has tapered ends.
what body locations are smooth muscle located?
1) blood vessel wall
2) wall of many digestive, urinary and respiratory organs
