Exam #5 chapter 16 part 1

Question 1

what is one similarity between the ANS and SNS?

Answer 1

they are both motor divisions of the PNS controlling different effectors

Question 2

where are somatic motor neuron cell bodies located?

Answer 2

in the anterior gray horn or a cranial nerve motor nucleus

Question 3

where does a somatic motor neuron cell body’s myelinated axon extend to?

Answer 3

the skeletal muscle

Question 4

where are autonomic motor neuron cell bodies located?

Answer 4

in the lateral gray horn or a cranial nerve nucleus

Question 5

how many neurons reach the ANS effectors?

Answer 5

2

Question 6

what are the 2 neurons in the ANS?

Answer 6

preganglionic and postganglionic

Question 7

where do the 2 neurons of the ANS synapse?

Answer 7

in an autonomic ganglion

Question 8

what is different about the pregangliotic and postgangliotic neurons?

Answer 8

the pregangliotic neuron axon is myelinated the postgangliotic is not

Question 9

what is a difference between the ANS and SNS?

Answer 9

somatic motor neurons are always excitatory and autonomic motor neurons are either excitatory or inhibitory.

Question 10

what are both somatic and autonomic motor neurons involved in?

Answer 10

reflexes

Question 11

what are some ways that the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS are different? (2) (LL)

Answer 11

1) the location of the preganglionic neuron and location of their input to the CNS
2) the location of the autonomic ganglia and the relative lengths of their preganglionic and postganglionic axon (in respect to spinal cord)

Question 12

where is the sympathetic ganglia located?

Answer 12

they are close to spinal cord making the preganglionic axon short and postganglionic axon long

Question 13

where is the parasympathetic ganglia located?

Answer 13

far from the spinal cord making the preganglionic axon long and the postganglionic axon short

Question 14

what is another name for the sympathetic division?

Answer 14

thoracolumbar division

Question 15

where are the preganglionic motor neuron cell bodies located in the sympathetic division?

Answer 15

in the lateral gray horns of the T1-L2 sections of the spinal cord

Question 16

where is the sympathetic output of the CNS?

Answer 16

in T1-L2 spinal nerves

Question 17

where do the preganglionic motor neurons exit the spinal cord?

Answer 17

in the ventral root

Question 18

what does the preganglionic motor neurons do after they exit the spinal cord via the ventral root?

Answer 18

enter the spinal nerve and goto the sympathetic ganglion

Question 19

where are paired sympathetic chain (paravertebral) ganglia located?

Answer 19

near the vertebrae

Question 20

where do sympathetic chain ganglia extend from?

Answer 20

from the cervical to sacral regions and are connected to each other

Question 21

how many of each ganglia are there usually in the sympahtetic division?

Answer 21

3 cervical, 11 thoracic, 4 lumbar and 4 sacral ganglia

Question 22

where are the 3 unpaired collateral (prevertebral) ganglia located?

Answer 22

on the anterior space of the abdominal aorta

Question 23

where is the abdominal aorta?

Answer 23

just anterior to the vertebral bodies

Question 24

how do all sympathetic preganglionic motor neurons enter the sympathetic chain?

Answer 24

by a short white ramus communicans from the spinal nerve

Question 25

what does the white ramus communicans contain?

Answer 25

myelinated axons

Question 26

what are the 4 routes taken by the sympathetic axons?

Answer 26

1) spinal nerve
2) sympathetic nerve
3) splanchnic nerve
4) adrenal medulla

Question 27

in the spinal nerve route what do they synapse with?

Answer 27

post ganglionic neuron whose axon extends out the spinal nerve to the effectors in the body wall

Question 28

in the spinal nerve route what does the pregangliotic neuron synapse with?

Answer 28

the postgangliotic neuron cell body in the sympathetic ganglion

Question 29

in the spinal nerve route what does the postganglionic axon enter?

Answer 29

the gray ramus communicans

Question 30

in the spinal route where does the postganglionic axon exit?

Answer 30

the ventral or dorsal rami to each effectors in the body wall

Question 31

in the sympathetic nerve route where are the effectors ?

Answer 31

in the thoracic cavity

Question 32

where does the preganglionic axon synapse with the post ganglionic axon in the sympathetic nerve route?

Answer 32

in the sympathetic chain ganglion

Question 33

where do the sympathetic nerves leave the sympathetic chain ganglia and what effectors do they travel to?

Answer 33

in the thoracic region and travel to thoracic effectors

Question 34

where do they exit during the splanchnic nerve?

Answer 34

the sympathetic ganglia

Question 35

where do they enter during the splanchnic nerve route

Answer 35

collateral ganglia

Question 36

what do they synapse with during the splanchnic nerve route?

Answer 36

postganglionic neurons whose axons extends to abdominal effectors

Question 37

where do preganglionic axons exit during the splanchnic nerve route:?

Answer 37

the sympathetic chain ganglia

Question 38

what happens after they exit the sympathetic chain ganglia during the splanchnic nerve route?

Answer 38

without synapsing in splanchnic nerves that travel to 1 of 4 collateral ganglia

Question 39

which postganglionic axons do they preganglionic axons synapse with during the splanchnic nerve route?

Answer 39

those whose axons follows autonomic nerves to effectors in the abdominal cavity

Question 40

what are the steps of the adrenal medulla route? (5) (EEEES)

Answer 40

1) exit the sympathetic ganglia without synapsing
2) enter splanchnic nerves
3) enter collateral ganglia without synapsing
4) enter the adrenal medulla
5) synapse with cells

Question 41

what does the adrenal medulla contain?

Answer 41

neural cells without axons or dendrites

Question 42

what does the adrenal medulla release?

Answer 42

epinephrine and norepinepherine which enter the bloodstream

Question 43

what doe the two hormones epinepherine and norepinepherine stimulate?

Answer 43

most sympathetic effectors