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A&P 223 > Exam #2 Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Exam #2 Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

what are joints classified by?

A

structure or function

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2
Q

what are the structures that joints can be classified as? (4)

A

1) bony
2) fibrous
3) cartilaginous
4) synovial

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3
Q

what are the functions that joints can be classified as? (3)

A

1) synarthrosis (immovable)
2) ampihiarthrosis (slightly movable)
30 diarthrosis (freely movable)

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4
Q

what are the characteristics of fibrous joints? (2)

A

1) have dense connective tissue connecting the bones

2) either ampharthrosis or synarthrosis

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5
Q

where does a synostosis occur?

A

in bones that have fused and is synarthrosis

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6
Q

what does a suture have?

A

short fibers connecting interlocked skull bones and is synarthrosis

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7
Q

what does fiber size mean for mobility?

A

short fibers create no movement whereas long fibers create movement

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8
Q

what does fibrous joints lack?

A

a joint cavity

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9
Q

what is the tissue between suture bones?

A

dense regular collagenous connective tissue

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10
Q

what is a fotanel?

A

what a newborn has where some of the sutures have a membranous area. they make the skull flexible during the birth process and allow for growth of the head after birth.

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11
Q

what are three types of fibrous joints?

A

1) sutures
2) syndesmoses
3) gomphoses

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12
Q

what does a syndesmosis have?

A

long fibers connecting two bones and is amphiarthrosis

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13
Q

what is an example of a syndesmoses?

A

it binds the radius and ulna together

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14
Q

what is gomphmoses?

A

the fibrous connection between teeth and their bony sockets. It is amphiarthrosis

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15
Q

what is cartilaginous joints?

A

they have cartilage connecting the bones and are amphiarthrosis or synarthrosis

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16
Q

what do cartilaginous joints that are sychrondrosis have connecting them and what type of movement do they have?

A

hyaline cartilage and they are synarthrosis

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17
Q

what do cartilaginous joints that are a symphysis have between them and what type of movement do they have?

A

fibrocartilage and is amphiarthrosis

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18
Q

what do synovial joints have and what type of movement do they have?

A

they have a synovial cavity between the bones and area diarthrosis

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19
Q

what are synovial joints surrounded by?

A

a join capsule

20
Q

what is the joint capsule composed of?

A

an out layer of dense irregular connective tissue and an inner synovial membrane

21
Q

what often occurs in the capsule?

A

dense regular tissue as a ligament

22
Q

what do some synovial joints have?

A

an articular disk or meniscus of fibrocartilage between articulating bones

23
Q

what do synovial joints often have around the joint?

A

fat pads

24
Q

what is an example of an articular joint?

A

TMJ

25
Q

what part of the body has fat pads?

A

the knee

26
Q

what are bursa?

A

sacs of synovial membrane with synovial fluid

27
Q

where are bursa found?

A

in some joints

28
Q

what is the purpose of bursa?

A

to reduce friction between structures in the joint

29
Q

what does synovial fluid do? (3) (RAN)

A

1) reduces friction
2) absorbs shocks
3) nourishes the articular cartilage

30
Q

what are tendon sheaths?

A

brusa that surround a tendon near a joint

31
Q

what determines the movement of a synovial joint?

A

the structure

32
Q

what can the movements of a joint be?

A

uniaxial (one axis), biaxial (2 axis) or multiaxial or triaxial (two plus rotation)

33
Q

what are plane (gliding) joints usually?

A

unilaxial

34
Q

what do plane (gliding) joints permit?

A

limited gliding motion

35
Q

what is an example of a plane (gliding) joint?

A

the articular processes between vertebrae

36
Q

what are saddle joint and what do they have?

A

they are biaxial and they have a saddle on a saddle

37
Q

what is an example of a saddle joint?

A

the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

38
Q

what do hinge joints produce?

A

angular movement like a hinge and are uniaxial.

39
Q

what is an example of a hinge joint?

A

the elbow and knee joints

40
Q

what are pivot joints and what do they have?

A

they are uniaxial and they have limited rotation on an axis

41
Q

what is an example of a pivot joint?

A

the articulation between the dens, a process on the axis and the atlas.

42
Q

what does a ball and socket joint have and what are they?

A

they have a ball in a socket and are multiaxial

43
Q

what are example of a ball and socket joint?

A

the shoulder and hip joints

44
Q

what does a ellipsoid joint have and what are they?

A

they have an oval surface in an oval depression and are biaxial

45
Q

what is an example of a ellipsoid joint?

A

the atlantooccipital join of the neck

A&P 223 (50 decks)

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