Exam #2 Chapter 8 Flashcards
what are joints classified by?
structure or function
what are the structures that joints can be classified as? (4)
1) bony
2) fibrous
3) cartilaginous
4) synovial
what are the functions that joints can be classified as? (3)
1) synarthrosis (immovable)
2) ampihiarthrosis (slightly movable)
30 diarthrosis (freely movable)
what are the characteristics of fibrous joints? (2)
1) have dense connective tissue connecting the bones
2) either ampharthrosis or synarthrosis
where does a synostosis occur?
in bones that have fused and is synarthrosis
what does a suture have?
short fibers connecting interlocked skull bones and is synarthrosis
what does fiber size mean for mobility?
short fibers create no movement whereas long fibers create movement
what does fibrous joints lack?
a joint cavity
what is the tissue between suture bones?
dense regular collagenous connective tissue
what is a fotanel?
what a newborn has where some of the sutures have a membranous area. they make the skull flexible during the birth process and allow for growth of the head after birth.
what are three types of fibrous joints?
1) sutures
2) syndesmoses
3) gomphoses
what does a syndesmosis have?
long fibers connecting two bones and is amphiarthrosis
what is an example of a syndesmoses?
it binds the radius and ulna together
what is gomphmoses?
the fibrous connection between teeth and their bony sockets. It is amphiarthrosis
what is cartilaginous joints?
they have cartilage connecting the bones and are amphiarthrosis or synarthrosis
what do cartilaginous joints that are sychrondrosis have connecting them and what type of movement do they have?
hyaline cartilage and they are synarthrosis
what do cartilaginous joints that are a symphysis have between them and what type of movement do they have?
fibrocartilage and is amphiarthrosis
what do synovial joints have and what type of movement do they have?
they have a synovial cavity between the bones and area diarthrosis
what are synovial joints surrounded by?
a join capsule
what is the joint capsule composed of?
an out layer of dense irregular connective tissue and an inner synovial membrane
what often occurs in the capsule?
dense regular tissue as a ligament
what do some synovial joints have?
an articular disk or meniscus of fibrocartilage between articulating bones
what do synovial joints often have around the joint?
fat pads
what is an example of an articular joint?
TMJ
what part of the body has fat pads?
the knee
what are bursa?
sacs of synovial membrane with synovial fluid
where are bursa found?
in some joints
what is the purpose of bursa?
to reduce friction between structures in the joint
what does synovial fluid do? (3) (RAN)
1) reduces friction
2) absorbs shocks
3) nourishes the articular cartilage
what are tendon sheaths?
brusa that surround a tendon near a joint
what determines the movement of a synovial joint?
the structure
what can the movements of a joint be?
uniaxial (one axis), biaxial (2 axis) or multiaxial or triaxial (two plus rotation)
what are plane (gliding) joints usually?
unilaxial
what do plane (gliding) joints permit?
limited gliding motion
what is an example of a plane (gliding) joint?
the articular processes between vertebrae
what are saddle joint and what do they have?
they are biaxial and they have a saddle on a saddle
what is an example of a saddle joint?
the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
what do hinge joints produce?
angular movement like a hinge and are uniaxial.
what is an example of a hinge joint?
the elbow and knee joints
what are pivot joints and what do they have?
they are uniaxial and they have limited rotation on an axis
what is an example of a pivot joint?
the articulation between the dens, a process on the axis and the atlas.
what does a ball and socket joint have and what are they?
they have a ball in a socket and are multiaxial
what are example of a ball and socket joint?
the shoulder and hip joints
what does a ellipsoid joint have and what are they?
they have an oval surface in an oval depression and are biaxial
what is an example of a ellipsoid joint?
the atlantooccipital join of the neck
