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A&P 223 > Exam #2 chapter 8 part 2 and extras > Flashcards

Exam #2 chapter 8 part 2 and extras Flashcards

1
Q

what is a joint’s range of motion (stability/strength) determined by? (4) (ASAA)

A

1) the amount and shape of the articulating bones, cartilages and fat pads
2) strength and location of tendons, ligaments and muscles that cross a joint
3) amount of fluid in/around a joint and pain in a joint
4) amount of use/disuse of a joint

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2
Q

where is the talocural joint located?

A

between the tibia, fibula and talus

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3
Q

how are types of movement at joint presented?

A

from the anatomical position, usually in pairs

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4
Q

when the palms turn to face anterior

A

supination

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5
Q

what 5 ligaments stabalize the coxal joint? (IPITL)

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral
4) transverse acetabular
5) ligament of the head of the femur

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6
Q

what is the structure of the knee? (2) (CP)

A

1) the condyles of the femur roll across the tibial condylar surface
2) the patella glides across the anterior surface of the femur

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7
Q

what is the ankle stabalized by?

A

the articulating bones and ligaments

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8
Q

what type of joint is the ankle (talocural) joint?

A

a hinge joint

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9
Q

what does the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint have?

A

great range of motion and is triaxial

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10
Q

when calcium levels are high is osteoblasts activated or deactivated?

A

activated

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11
Q

what is an example of a joint that has hyaline cartilage?

A

intercarpal joints

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12
Q

moves the toes superiorly which is flexion of the ankle

A

dorsiflexion

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13
Q

what type of movement is the special movement elevation?

A

a superior movement

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14
Q

what role does the lateral and medial menisci play for the femur and tibia? ((3) (ACP)

A

1) act as cushions
2) conform as the articulating surgaces change
3) provide lateral stability

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15
Q

extension past the anatomical position

A

hyperextension

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16
Q

where is the acetabulum on the coxal joint?

A

deep and enlarged somewhat by the acetabular labrum

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17
Q

what is the structure of the articular capsule on the coxal joint?

A

it’s strong and encloses the head and neck of the femur

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18
Q

what is a synostosis?

A

when a suture becomes fully ossified. results when 2 bones grow together across a joint to form a single bone

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19
Q

moves the toes inferiorly which is extension of the ankle

A

plantar flexion

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20
Q

moves the end of an appendage in a circle

A

circumduction

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21
Q

what type of movement is protraction?

A

anterior

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22
Q

when the palms turn to face posterior

A

pronation

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23
Q

what is the inferior compartment of TMJ?

A

a hing joint (depression and elevation)

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24
Q

which tendons and muscles are the glenohumeral joint primarily stabalized by?

A

the tendons and muscles comprising the rotator cuff

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25
Q

what is the shoulder joint primarily stabalized by?

A

muscles that move the humerus

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26
Q

movement in the sagittal plane that decreases the angle between articulating elements

A

flexion

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27
Q

what type of movement is reposition?

A

moving the thumb toward the finger back

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28
Q

what occurs during lateral rotation?

A

the anterior surface of a limb rotates away from the longitudinal axis of the body

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29
Q

movement away from the axis of the body or fingers or toes from the midline of the frontal plane

A

abduction

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30
Q

what type of bone cells acts to concentrate calcium and phosphate ions leading to formation of hydroxyapatite?

A

osteoblasts

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31
Q

what type of stability and structure does the coxal joint have?

A

considerable stability and triaxial

32
Q

what separates the lateral and medial menisci?

A

the femur and tibia

33
Q

what is the active range of motion?

A

the amount of movement that can be accomplished by the contracting muscles

34
Q

what is the elbow stabalized by?

A

1) thick articular capsule

2) radial, collateral, annular and ulanar collateral ligaments

35
Q

what type of joint is the elbow (cubital)?

A

a complex hinge joint

36
Q

what movement increases or decreases the angle between bones at the joint?

A

angular movements

37
Q

what type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

a ball and socket joint

38
Q

what does the ligaments that hold the bones in place of the foot do?

A

makes the foot a flexible support

39
Q

what type of movement is lateral excursion?

A

it moves the mandible right or left

40
Q

what can occur between a flat or curved bone surface?

A

limited gliding

41
Q

what do the ligaments of the foot that hold the foot bones in place provide?

A

the arches of the foot

42
Q

which joints have a joint cavity?

A

synovial

43
Q

what 7 major ligaments stabalize the knee? (6) (QPPPAM)

A

1) quadriceps tendon
2) patellar ligament
3) patellar retinanculae
4) 2 popliteal ligaments
5) anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
6) medial (tibial) and lateral (fibular) collateral ligaments

44
Q

which tendons and muscles comprise the rotator cuff?

A

1) supraspinatus
2) infraspinatus
3) subscapularis
4) teres minor

45
Q

lateral bending of the vertebral column

A

lateral flexion

46
Q

how is the glenohumeral joint structured as a ball and socket joint?

A

the head of the humerus in the shallow glenoid cavity of the scapula enlarged slightly by the glenoid labrum

47
Q

what dos the cubital joint involve?

A

humerus, radius and ulna

48
Q

what 4 ligaments is the glenohumeral joint somewhat stabalized by?

A

1) glenohumeral
2) coracohumeral
3) transverse humeral
4) coracoacromial

49
Q

what is the joint between vertebrae?

A

symphysis

50
Q

where do rotational movements occur?

A

around a bone’s longitudinal axis and are limited

51
Q

what limits the range of motion in the cubital joint?

A

the olecranon and trochlea notch

52
Q

what type of movement is retraction?

A

posterior

53
Q

what may the head do during rotational movements?

A

rotate left or right on the longitudinal axis

54
Q

how is the radius involved with the cubital joint?

A

the head of the radius moves on the capitilum

55
Q

what surround the glenohumeral joint?

A

a loose articular capsule

56
Q

what does the joint capsule of a synovial joint consist of?

A

an outer fibrous layer and an inner synovial membrane

57
Q

what are the foot bones held in place by?

A

ligaments

58
Q

what type of movement is opposition?

A

move the thumb toward the finger

59
Q

what type of movement is eversion?

A

moves the sole of the root outward.

60
Q

what type of growth occurs beneath the pereosteum?

A

growth in width

61
Q

what occurs during medial rotation?

A

the anterior surface of a limb rotates toward the longitudinal axis of the body

62
Q

movement toward the axis of the body or fingers or toes from the midline in the frontal plane

A

adduction

63
Q

what is the most complex joint?

A

the knee

64
Q

what type of movement is the special movement depression?

A

inferior movement

65
Q

what type of movement is medial excursion?

A

It moves the mandible midline

66
Q

what type of joint is the knee?

A

a modified hinge joint

67
Q

what type of movement is inversion?

A

move the sole of the foot inward

68
Q

what is the superior compartment of the TMJ?

A

a gliding joint (protraction and retraction and lateral and medial excursion)

69
Q

what is passive range of motion?

A

the amount of movement that can be acccomplished by outside forces

70
Q

what does TMJ have?

A

an articular disc dividing the synovial cavity

71
Q

movement in the sagittal plane that increases the angle between articulating surfaces

A

extension

72
Q

how is the ulna and the humerus involved with the cubital joint?

A

the trochlea of the humerus rotates in the trochlear notch of the ulna

73
Q

what type of joint is the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

A

a hingle/ellipsoid and plane joint

74
Q

what is scurvy?

A

a disease resulting from Vitamin C deficiency

75
Q

what type of joint is the hip (coxal) joint?

A

a ball and socket joint

A&P 223 (50 decks)

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