Exam #2 chapter 8 part 2 and extras Flashcards
what is a joint’s range of motion (stability/strength) determined by? (4) (ASAA)
1) the amount and shape of the articulating bones, cartilages and fat pads
2) strength and location of tendons, ligaments and muscles that cross a joint
3) amount of fluid in/around a joint and pain in a joint
4) amount of use/disuse of a joint
where is the talocural joint located?
between the tibia, fibula and talus
how are types of movement at joint presented?
from the anatomical position, usually in pairs
when the palms turn to face anterior
supination
what 5 ligaments stabalize the coxal joint? (IPITL)
1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral
4) transverse acetabular
5) ligament of the head of the femur
what is the structure of the knee? (2) (CP)
1) the condyles of the femur roll across the tibial condylar surface
2) the patella glides across the anterior surface of the femur
what is the ankle stabalized by?
the articulating bones and ligaments
what type of joint is the ankle (talocural) joint?
a hinge joint
what does the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint have?
great range of motion and is triaxial
when calcium levels are high is osteoblasts activated or deactivated?
activated
what is an example of a joint that has hyaline cartilage?
intercarpal joints
moves the toes superiorly which is flexion of the ankle
dorsiflexion
what type of movement is the special movement elevation?
a superior movement
what role does the lateral and medial menisci play for the femur and tibia? ((3) (ACP)
1) act as cushions
2) conform as the articulating surgaces change
3) provide lateral stability
extension past the anatomical position
hyperextension
where is the acetabulum on the coxal joint?
deep and enlarged somewhat by the acetabular labrum
what is the structure of the articular capsule on the coxal joint?
it’s strong and encloses the head and neck of the femur
what is a synostosis?
when a suture becomes fully ossified. results when 2 bones grow together across a joint to form a single bone
moves the toes inferiorly which is extension of the ankle
plantar flexion
moves the end of an appendage in a circle
circumduction
what type of movement is protraction?
anterior
when the palms turn to face posterior
pronation
what is the inferior compartment of TMJ?
a hing joint (depression and elevation)
which tendons and muscles are the glenohumeral joint primarily stabalized by?
the tendons and muscles comprising the rotator cuff
what is the shoulder joint primarily stabalized by?
muscles that move the humerus
movement in the sagittal plane that decreases the angle between articulating elements
flexion
what type of movement is reposition?
moving the thumb toward the finger back
what occurs during lateral rotation?
the anterior surface of a limb rotates away from the longitudinal axis of the body
movement away from the axis of the body or fingers or toes from the midline of the frontal plane
abduction
what type of bone cells acts to concentrate calcium and phosphate ions leading to formation of hydroxyapatite?
osteoblasts
what type of stability and structure does the coxal joint have?
considerable stability and triaxial
what separates the lateral and medial menisci?
the femur and tibia
what is the active range of motion?
the amount of movement that can be accomplished by the contracting muscles
what is the elbow stabalized by?
1) thick articular capsule
2) radial, collateral, annular and ulanar collateral ligaments
what type of joint is the elbow (cubital)?
a complex hinge joint
what movement increases or decreases the angle between bones at the joint?
angular movements
what type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
a ball and socket joint
what does the ligaments that hold the bones in place of the foot do?
makes the foot a flexible support
what type of movement is lateral excursion?
it moves the mandible right or left
what can occur between a flat or curved bone surface?
limited gliding
what do the ligaments of the foot that hold the foot bones in place provide?
the arches of the foot
which joints have a joint cavity?
synovial
what 7 major ligaments stabalize the knee? (6) (QPPPAM)
1) quadriceps tendon
2) patellar ligament
3) patellar retinanculae
4) 2 popliteal ligaments
5) anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
6) medial (tibial) and lateral (fibular) collateral ligaments
which tendons and muscles comprise the rotator cuff?
1) supraspinatus
2) infraspinatus
3) subscapularis
4) teres minor
lateral bending of the vertebral column
lateral flexion
how is the glenohumeral joint structured as a ball and socket joint?
the head of the humerus in the shallow glenoid cavity of the scapula enlarged slightly by the glenoid labrum
what dos the cubital joint involve?
humerus, radius and ulna
what 4 ligaments is the glenohumeral joint somewhat stabalized by?
1) glenohumeral
2) coracohumeral
3) transverse humeral
4) coracoacromial
what is the joint between vertebrae?
symphysis
where do rotational movements occur?
around a bone’s longitudinal axis and are limited
what limits the range of motion in the cubital joint?
the olecranon and trochlea notch
what type of movement is retraction?
posterior
what may the head do during rotational movements?
rotate left or right on the longitudinal axis
how is the radius involved with the cubital joint?
the head of the radius moves on the capitilum
what surround the glenohumeral joint?
a loose articular capsule
what does the joint capsule of a synovial joint consist of?
an outer fibrous layer and an inner synovial membrane
what are the foot bones held in place by?
ligaments
what type of movement is opposition?
move the thumb toward the finger
what type of movement is eversion?
moves the sole of the root outward.
what type of growth occurs beneath the pereosteum?
growth in width
what occurs during medial rotation?
the anterior surface of a limb rotates toward the longitudinal axis of the body
movement toward the axis of the body or fingers or toes from the midline in the frontal plane
adduction
what is the most complex joint?
the knee
what type of movement is the special movement depression?
inferior movement
what type of movement is medial excursion?
It moves the mandible midline
what type of joint is the knee?
a modified hinge joint
what type of movement is inversion?
move the sole of the foot inward
what is the superior compartment of the TMJ?
a gliding joint (protraction and retraction and lateral and medial excursion)
what is passive range of motion?
the amount of movement that can be acccomplished by outside forces
what does TMJ have?
an articular disc dividing the synovial cavity
movement in the sagittal plane that increases the angle between articulating surfaces
extension
how is the ulna and the humerus involved with the cubital joint?
the trochlea of the humerus rotates in the trochlear notch of the ulna
what type of joint is the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
a hingle/ellipsoid and plane joint
what is scurvy?
a disease resulting from Vitamin C deficiency
what type of joint is the hip (coxal) joint?
a ball and socket joint
