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A&P 223 > Exam #4 chapter 13 part 2 > Flashcards

Exam #4 chapter 13 part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what do many of the cranial reflexes control? (4) (HBRPRC)

A

1) heart rate
2) blood pressure
3) respiration
4) pupil diameter
5) reflexive movements to a variety of stimuli
6) chewing

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2
Q

where is the falx cerebri located?

A

it lies in the longitudinal fissure

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3
Q

what is the outer layer, the periosteum of the cranial bones called?

A

the periosteal dura

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4
Q

what does CSF consist of?

A

ependymal cells surrounding capillaries with tight junctions between the endothilial cells

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5
Q

what does the vagus nerve (X) bear?

A

parasympthetic commands to the thoracic and abdominal cavity organs

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6
Q

what do all these inputs that supply blood to the brain form?

A

the cerebral arterial circle

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7
Q

what are the cranial arachnoid and pia mater similar to?

A

the spinal meninges

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8
Q

what ar the 3 layers of the meningeal dura mater? (FTF)

A

1) falx cerebri
2) tentorium cerebelli
3) falx cerebelli

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9
Q

where is the falx cerebelli located?

A

between the cerebellar hemispheres

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10
Q

what does the cranial dura mater in the cranial meninges consist of?

A

2 layers

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11
Q

what do ependymal cells do?

A

transport sodium into the ventricles and water follows by osmosis

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12
Q

what branches from the cerebral arterial circle?

A

3 pair of cerebral arteries

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13
Q

what is integrated in the brain?

A

cranial reflexes

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14
Q

what does the glassopharyngeal (IX) carry?

A

parasympathetic commands to the parotid salivary glands

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15
Q

what does the accessory nerve (XI) do?

A

sends axons to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

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16
Q

what nerves are somatic motor and parasympathetic?

A

oculomotor (III)

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17
Q

what does the vagus nerve (X) innervate?

A

muscles of the soft palate, pharynx and larynx

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18
Q

what does the trochlear (IV) nerve control?

A

1 extrinsic eye muscle

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19
Q

what do projection of the arachnoid mater into the dural venous sinuses form?

A

arachnoid granulations for returning CSF to the blood stream

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20
Q

what is CSF produced by?

A

a choroid plexus in each ventricle

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21
Q

what does the glassopharyngeal (IX) send?

A

sensory information from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue and from the carotid artery receptors to the brain

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22
Q

where does CSF flow from?

A

the lateral ventricles to the fourth ventricle from which CSF can enter the subarachnoid space

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23
Q

what does the meningeal dura mater form?

A

3 dural folds

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24
Q

what does the abducens nerve (VI) control?

A

1 extrinsic eye muscle

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25
Q

what does the facial nerve (VII) control?

A

muscles of facial expression

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26
Q

what does the facial nerve (VII) convey?

A

parasympathetic commands to salivary glands and the lacrimal glands

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27
Q

which nerve is sensory and somatic motor?

A

trigeminal (V)

28
Q

which nerves are sensory and somatic motor and parasympthatic?

A

facial nerve (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X)

29
Q

what does branches of the basilar and vertebral arteries supply?

A

the remainder of the brain

30
Q

where do the dural venous sinuses occur?

A

between the 2 layers of the dura mater

31
Q

what can cranial nerves be? (5)

A

1) sensory
2) somatic motor
3) somatic motor and sensory
4) somatic motor and parasympathetic
5) sensory, somatic motor and parasympathetic

32
Q

what do the 2 vertebral arteries that supply blood to the brain unite to form?

A

the basilar artery

33
Q

how must material enter the brain?

A

they must move across the endothilial cells

34
Q

where does the dural venous sinuses of the brain drain into?

A

the internal jugular veins

35
Q

what does the vagus nerve (X) carry?

A

sensory information from the base of the tongue, larynx, pharynx, receptors in the aortic arch and organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities

36
Q

what does the meningeal dura mater form 3 folds for?

A

to better support and anchor the brain in the cranium

37
Q

what supplies blood to the brain?

A

4 arteries

38
Q

what does the CSF do?

A

supports and protects the brain

39
Q

what material diffuse out of the capillaries of the brain?

A

gases

40
Q

what do the inputs form the cerebral arterial circle for?

A

to insure a constant and plentiful blood flow to the brain

41
Q

what do the 3 pairs of cerebral arteries branch from the cerebral arterial circle for?

A

to supply the cerebrum

42
Q

what is the meningeal dura continuous with?

A

the spinal dura mater

43
Q

what do the ependymal cells surrounding capillaries with tight junctions between endothilial cells form?

A

a blood-CSF barrier

44
Q

what does the glassopharyngeal (IX) innervate?

A

one muscle in the pharynx

45
Q

what does the brain capillary endothelial cells and astrocytes form?

A

the blood-brain barrier

46
Q

which nerve is a somatic motor?

A

trochlear (IV), Abducens (VI), accessory (XI) and hypoglossal (XII)

47
Q

what does the trigeminal nerve (V) supply?

A

innervation to several muscles (mastication)

48
Q

what does oculomotor nerve control?

A

4 extrinsic eye muscles and the smooth muscle in the eye

49
Q

what does the trigeminal nerve (V) carry?

A

cutaneous sensory information from much of the head

50
Q

what does the sensory nerves, olfactory (I) and Optic (II) control?

A

smell and vision

51
Q

what does the hypoglossal (XII) do?

A

sends commands to tongue and hyoid muscles

52
Q

what does the vestibulochlear (VIII) control?

A

hearing and balance

53
Q

where is the tentorium cerebelli located?

A

in the transverse fissure

54
Q

what are the 4 arteries that supply blood to the brain?

A

2 internal carotid arteries and 2 vertebral arteries

55
Q

what do cranial nerves carry?

A

sensory information and motor commands from the brain

56
Q

what does the brain capillary endothelial cells and astrocytes form the blood-brain barrier for?

A

to regulate the movement of material from the blood into the brain

57
Q

what is the outer layer of the cranial bones?

A

the periosteum

58
Q

what are the ventricles continuous with?

A

each other, the central canal and the subarachnoid space around the brain

59
Q

what do many cranial reflexes involve?

A

cranial nerves

60
Q

which nerves are sensory?

A

olfactory (I) and optic (II) and vestibuloochlear (VIII)

61
Q

what are the dural venous sinuses?

A

veins that drain the brain

62
Q

what does the facial nerve (VII) carry?

A

taste information from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

63
Q

what are the ventricles filled with?

A

CSF

64
Q

what does the brain require?

A

large and uninterrupted blood supply for glucose and oxygen

65
Q

what does branches of the trigeminal nerve (V) supply?

A

the aleveolar tissues and teeth

A&P 223 (50 decks)

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