Exam #4 chapter 13 part 2 Flashcards
what do many of the cranial reflexes control? (4) (HBRPRC)
1) heart rate
2) blood pressure
3) respiration
4) pupil diameter
5) reflexive movements to a variety of stimuli
6) chewing
where is the falx cerebri located?
it lies in the longitudinal fissure
what is the outer layer, the periosteum of the cranial bones called?
the periosteal dura
what does CSF consist of?
ependymal cells surrounding capillaries with tight junctions between the endothilial cells
what does the vagus nerve (X) bear?
parasympthetic commands to the thoracic and abdominal cavity organs
what do all these inputs that supply blood to the brain form?
the cerebral arterial circle
what are the cranial arachnoid and pia mater similar to?
the spinal meninges
what ar the 3 layers of the meningeal dura mater? (FTF)
1) falx cerebri
2) tentorium cerebelli
3) falx cerebelli
where is the falx cerebelli located?
between the cerebellar hemispheres
what does the cranial dura mater in the cranial meninges consist of?
2 layers
what do ependymal cells do?
transport sodium into the ventricles and water follows by osmosis
what branches from the cerebral arterial circle?
3 pair of cerebral arteries
what is integrated in the brain?
cranial reflexes
what does the glassopharyngeal (IX) carry?
parasympathetic commands to the parotid salivary glands
what does the accessory nerve (XI) do?
sends axons to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
what nerves are somatic motor and parasympathetic?
oculomotor (III)
what does the vagus nerve (X) innervate?
muscles of the soft palate, pharynx and larynx
what does the trochlear (IV) nerve control?
1 extrinsic eye muscle
what do projection of the arachnoid mater into the dural venous sinuses form?
arachnoid granulations for returning CSF to the blood stream
what is CSF produced by?
a choroid plexus in each ventricle
what does the glassopharyngeal (IX) send?
sensory information from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue and from the carotid artery receptors to the brain
where does CSF flow from?
the lateral ventricles to the fourth ventricle from which CSF can enter the subarachnoid space
what does the meningeal dura mater form?
3 dural folds
what does the abducens nerve (VI) control?
1 extrinsic eye muscle
what does the facial nerve (VII) control?
muscles of facial expression
what does the facial nerve (VII) convey?
parasympathetic commands to salivary glands and the lacrimal glands
which nerve is sensory and somatic motor?
trigeminal (V)
which nerves are sensory and somatic motor and parasympthatic?
facial nerve (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X)
what does branches of the basilar and vertebral arteries supply?
the remainder of the brain
where do the dural venous sinuses occur?
between the 2 layers of the dura mater
what can cranial nerves be? (5)
1) sensory
2) somatic motor
3) somatic motor and sensory
4) somatic motor and parasympathetic
5) sensory, somatic motor and parasympathetic
what do the 2 vertebral arteries that supply blood to the brain unite to form?
the basilar artery
how must material enter the brain?
they must move across the endothilial cells
where does the dural venous sinuses of the brain drain into?
the internal jugular veins
what does the vagus nerve (X) carry?
sensory information from the base of the tongue, larynx, pharynx, receptors in the aortic arch and organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities
what does the meningeal dura mater form 3 folds for?
to better support and anchor the brain in the cranium
what supplies blood to the brain?
4 arteries
what does the CSF do?
supports and protects the brain
what material diffuse out of the capillaries of the brain?
gases
what do the inputs form the cerebral arterial circle for?
to insure a constant and plentiful blood flow to the brain
what do the 3 pairs of cerebral arteries branch from the cerebral arterial circle for?
to supply the cerebrum
what is the meningeal dura continuous with?
the spinal dura mater
what do the ependymal cells surrounding capillaries with tight junctions between endothilial cells form?
a blood-CSF barrier
what does the glassopharyngeal (IX) innervate?
one muscle in the pharynx
what does the brain capillary endothelial cells and astrocytes form?
the blood-brain barrier
which nerve is a somatic motor?
trochlear (IV), Abducens (VI), accessory (XI) and hypoglossal (XII)
what does the trigeminal nerve (V) supply?
innervation to several muscles (mastication)
what does oculomotor nerve control?
4 extrinsic eye muscles and the smooth muscle in the eye
what does the trigeminal nerve (V) carry?
cutaneous sensory information from much of the head
what does the sensory nerves, olfactory (I) and Optic (II) control?
smell and vision
what does the hypoglossal (XII) do?
sends commands to tongue and hyoid muscles
what does the vestibulochlear (VIII) control?
hearing and balance
where is the tentorium cerebelli located?
in the transverse fissure
what are the 4 arteries that supply blood to the brain?
2 internal carotid arteries and 2 vertebral arteries
what do cranial nerves carry?
sensory information and motor commands from the brain
what does the brain capillary endothelial cells and astrocytes form the blood-brain barrier for?
to regulate the movement of material from the blood into the brain
what is the outer layer of the cranial bones?
the periosteum
what are the ventricles continuous with?
each other, the central canal and the subarachnoid space around the brain
what do many cranial reflexes involve?
cranial nerves
which nerves are sensory?
olfactory (I) and optic (II) and vestibuloochlear (VIII)
what are the dural venous sinuses?
veins that drain the brain
what does the facial nerve (VII) carry?
taste information from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
what are the ventricles filled with?
CSF
what does the brain require?
large and uninterrupted blood supply for glucose and oxygen
what does branches of the trigeminal nerve (V) supply?
the aleveolar tissues and teeth
