L9: Neonatal Tetanus & Diphtheria Flashcards
Neonatal Tetanus (NT) has been among the most common life-threatening consequences of β¦..
- unclean deliveries
- umbilical cord care practices.
Mortality Rate of Neonatal Tetanus
Mortality rates are extremely high > 80% especially when appropriate medical care is not available (low income countries)
International Epidemeology of Neonatal Tetanus
- Recently between 2000 & 2015, 36 countries eliminated the disease.
- It is very rare in developed countries now.
National Epidemeology of Neonatal Tetanus
Epidemic Threshold of Neonatal Tetanus
one case / 1000 live births at the level of health directorate
Suspected Case of Neonatal Tetanus
Probable Case of Neonatal Tetanus
None
Confirmed Case of Neonatal Tetanus
is a Suspected case with tetanus clinical manifestations
causative agent of Neonatal Tetanus
Clostridium Tetani
Cause of Infection bty Neonatal Tetanus
Infection results from umbilical cord contamination
during unsanitary delivery, especially those babies with a lack of maternal immunization.
Reservoir of Neonatal Tetanus
Human and Animal
(The spores are in the intestines and feces of horses, sheep, cattle, dogs, cats, rats, guinea pigs, and chickens).
MOT of Neonatal Tetanus
- This typically happens when the umbilical cord is cut using unsterile instruments (contaminated with spores) β> tetanus enters the body through unhealed umbilical stump where the spores change to vegetative bacteria and secrete toxins
IP of Neonatal Tetanus
from 3 to 28 days (7 days)
Infectivity Period of Neonatal Tetanus
no direct person to person transmission
Susceptibility of Neonatal Tetanus
More among neonates of non-vaccinated mothers.
Tetanus is a disease best prevented rather than cured
..
General Prevention of Neonatal Tetanus
βΆ Health education: for mothers, female relatives and companions regarding safe umbilical cord hygiene for newborns.
β· Improving maternal health services: to Increase the proportion of deliveries under medical supervision (doctors - nurses β midwives - coaches)
Specific Prevention of Neonatal Tetanus
Immunization is the only effective prevention of tetanus. Tetanus toxoid (TT) is given as follows:
- Never immunized Before Pregnant females
- Those pregnant females (who were vaccinated when they were children with
Vx for Neonatal Tetanus
Case Control Measures in Neonatal Tetanus